Table 1.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Eligible Study Sample NAMCS (2005–2016, 2018).
| No antipsychotic |
SGA |
FGA |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Wt% | 95% CI | Wt% | 95% CI | Wt% | 95% CI | p-value | ||
| Predisposing factors | ||||||||
| Age group | ||||||||
| 18–64 years | 27.0 | [23.9,30.1] | 64.0 | [60.7.67.2] | 9.0 | [7.2,10.8] | <0.001 | |
| 65+ years | 43.4 | [35.4,51.4] | 48.6 | [40.2,56.9] | N/A | |||
| Gender | ||||||||
| Female | 31.3 | [27.0,35.5] | 60.1 | [55.9,64.4] | 8.6 | [6.4,10.8] | 0.419 | |
| Male | 27.8 | [23.8,31.8] | 63.1 | [59.0,67.3] | 9.1 | [6.9,11.3] | ||
| Race/Ethnicity | ||||||||
| White | 29.4 | [26.1.32.7] | 62.1 | [58.6.65.6] | 8.5 | [6.5,10.5] | 0.015 | |
| Black | 33.2 | [26.0,40.4] | 56.3 | [49.4,63.6] | 10.5 | [6.7.14.2] | ||
| Hispanic | 28.7 | [21.8,35.6] | 59.8 | [51.6,68.1] | 11.5 | [6.2,16.8] | ||
| Others | N/A | 80.3 | [70.4,90.2] | N/A | ||||
| Enabling factors | ||||||||
| Area | ||||||||
| Metro | 29.8 | [26.7,32.9] | 61.9 | [58.6,65.3] | 8.3 | [6.6,10.0] | 0.195 | |
| Non-metro | 25.9 | [15.0,36.9] | 59.8 | [49.0,70.6] | N/A | |||
| Insurance | ||||||||
| Private | 33.4 | [26.6.40.2] | 61.0 | [53.9,68.0] | N/A | 0.062 | ||
| Public | 27.1 | [23.1,31.1] | 62.9 | [59.0,66.9] | 10.0 | [7.9,12.0] | ||
| Other | 33.5 | [25.6,41.4] | 58.1 | [50.0.66.2] | 8.4 | [4.8,12.0] | ||
| Need factors | ||||||||
| Patient establishment | ||||||||
| New patient | 39.7 | [28.5,50.8] | 55.7 | [44.8,66.6] | 4.6 | [2.1,7.1] | 0.034 | |
| Established patient | 28.8 | [25.5,32.0] | 62.1 | [58.8,65.5] | 9.1 | [7.4,10.9 | ||
| Visit reason | ||||||||
| Chronic prob., routine | 24.7 | [20.9,28.5] | 66.2 | [62.2,70.1] | 9.2 | [7.2,11.2] | <0.001*** | |
| Other | 43.6 | [37.0,50.2] | 48.4 | [41.6,55.3] | 7.9 | [4.7,11.2] | ||
| Number of medications | ||||||||
| <5 meds | 31.8 | [28.2,35.5] | 59.7 | [56.0,63.5] | 8.5 | [6.7,10.2] | 0.014* | |
| ≥5 meds | 22.0 | [16.4,27.5] | 67.9 | [61.8,74.0] | 10.2 | [6.5,13.8] | ||
| Number of chronic conditions | ||||||||
| <3 conditions | 27.3 | [24.0,30.6] | 63.5 | [60.0,67.0] | 9.2 | [7.4,11.0] | <0.001 | |
| ≥3 conditions | 41.9 | [34.7,49.1] | 51.3 | [44.0,58.5] | N/A | |||
| Depression | ||||||||
| No | 29.9 | [26.3,33.5] | 61.4 | [57.6,65.1] | 8.7 | [6.8,10.7] | 0.895 | |
| Yes | 28.4 | [22.8,34.0] | 62.4 | [56.1,68.8] | 9.1 | [6.1,12.2] | ||
| Diabetes | ||||||||
| No | 28.9 | [25.8,32.0] | 62.4 | [59.2,65.7] | 8.7 | [6.9,10.4] | 0.181 | |
| Yes | 35.3 | [26.9,43.7] | 53.4 | [44.9,61.9] | N/A | |||
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||||||
| No | 28.2 | [24.8,31.5] | 62.7 | [59.1,66.2] | 9.2 | [7.3,11.0][ | 0.066 | |
| Yes | 37.4 | [28.9,45.9] | 55.6 | [47.5,63.7] | N/A | |||
| Hypertension | ||||||||
| No | 26.6 | [23.2,30.1] | 64.0 | [60.3,67.7] | 9.4 | [7.5,11.3] | 0.001** | |
| Yes | 39.1 | [32.7,45.4] | 53.9 | [47.5,60.4] | 7.0 | [3.9,10.1] | ||
| Obesity | ||||||||
| No | 29.5 | [26.2,32.7] | 61.5 | [58.1,64.9] | 9.0 | 0.854 | ||
| Yes | 28.9 | [19.6,38.2] | 63.5 | [54.6,72.5] | N/A | |||
Note: Wt% was noted as N/A if national-level estimates were unreliable (unweighted n < 30). Asterisks represent statistical significance between the three groups based on chi-square tests. Statistical significance not reported for groups with a sample size <30. Abbreviations: SGA: second-generation antipsychotic; FGA: first-generation antipsychotic; Wt%: Weighted percentage. *** p < 0.001; ** 0.001 ≤ p < 0.01; *0.01 ≤ p < 0.05.