Table 2.
Estimated odds ratios (95%CIs) of AMI onset associated with extremely low temperaturea over 0–21 days adjusting for pollutants among cases with pollutants data, and among cases with complete address of AMI onset.
| Models | N | AMI | STEMI | NSTEMI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Main analysis | 1,046,773 | 1.33 (1.24, 1.44) | 1.32 (1.20, 1.45) | 1.36 (1.20, 1.55) |
| Analysis among cases with pollutants data | ||||
| Main results b | 893,675 | 1.32 (1.22, 1.43) | 1.31 (1.19, 1.45) | 1.33 (1.16, 1.53) |
| + PM2.5 | 893,675 | 1.33 (1.23, 1.45) | 1.34 (1.21, 1.49) | 1.32 (1.14, 1.52) |
| + NO2 | 893,675 | 1.29 (1.19, 1.41) | 1.30 (1.17, 1.45) | 1.27 (1.10, 1.47) |
| + SO2 | 893,675 | 1.32 (1.21, 1.44) | 1.33 (1.20, 1.48) | 1.30 (1.13, 1.50) |
| + O3 | 893,675 | 1.35 (1.24, 1.47) | 1.36 (1.23, 1.51) | 1.34 (1.16, 1.55) |
| + CO | 893,675 | 1.33 (1.22, 1.44) | 1.33 (1.20, 1.48) | 1.31 (1.14, 1.52) |
| + all five pollutants | 893,675 | 1.31 (1.20, 1.42) | 1.32 (1.19, 1.47) | 1.28 (1.11, 1.48) |
| Hospital-address analysis c | 479,372 | 1.49 (1.32, 1.67) | 1.51 (1.30, 1.75) | 1.44 (1.19, 1.74) |
| Onset-address analysis d | ||||
| Total (≤ 100 km) | 479,372 | 1.50 (1.33, 1.68) | 1.52 (1.31, 1.77) | 1.45 (1.20, 1.76) |
| ≤ 50 km | 461,069 | 1.49 (1.32, 1.68) | 1.53 (1.32, 1.79) | 1.42 (1.17, 1.72) |
| ≤ 20 km | 227,055 | 1.43 (1.20, 1.69) | 1.49 (1.20, 1.86) | 1.38 (1.09, 1.73) |
Note:
Extremely low temperature is the 1st percentile of temperature, and the referent temperature is the minimum risk temperature.
The main results were from models without adjustment for pollutants.
The hospital-address analysis was conducted among participants with both hospital address and onset address. Meteorological data were retrieved from fixed-site monitors based on hospital addresses within 100 km to the nearest fixed-site monitoring station.
The onset-address analysis was conducted among participants with both hospital address and onset address. Meteorological data were retrieved from fixed-site monitors based on onset addresses within 100, 50, 20 km to the nearest fixed-site monitoring station, respectively.
Abbreviations: CIs, confidence intervals; AMI, acute myocardial infarction; STEMI, ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction; NSTEMI, non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction; PM2.5, fine particulate matter; NO2, nitrogen dioxide; SO2, sulfur dioxide; O3, ozone; CO, carbon monoxide; km, kilometer.