Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of TBI patients.

	TBI(n=51)	12-month Outcome		p-valuea
		Unfavorable (GOS-E 1-4) (n=11)	Favorable (GOS-E 5-8) (n=40)
Age, years mean (SD)	56·51 (16·40)	59·63 (11·48)	55·65 (17·53)	0·48
(range)	(20-89)
Sex, n (%)
Female	12 (23·53)	1 (9·09)	11 (27·50)	0·42
Male	39 (76·47)	10 (90·91)	29 (72·50)
Race, n (%)
Caucasian	51 (100)	11 (100)	40 (100)
GCS
Median (IQR)	12 (3-12)	3 (3-8)	12 (12-12)	0·0001
Trauma history, n (%)
Motor Vehicle Accident	3 (5·88)	0 (0)	3 (7·50)
Motor Bicycle Accident	8 (15·68)	3 (27·27)	5 (12·50)	0·77
Fall	37 (72·55)	8 (72·73)	29 (72·50)
Gun Shoot	1 (1·96)	0 (0)	1 (2·50)
Assault	1 (1·96)	0 (0)	1 (2·50)
Other	1 (1·96)	0 (0)	1 (2·50)
Time to first sample withdrawal, h, Median (IQR)	13.5 (7.7-17.7)	14.1 (9.3-22.7)	14.1 (8.2-18.7)	0.66
Extracranial injures, n (%)	12 (23·53)	5 (45·45)	7 (17·50)	0·05
Image Findings, n (%)
Contusion	11 (22)	1 (9·09)	10 (25)
DAI	2 (4)	0 (0)	2 (5)	0·6
Extra-axial lesions	20 (39)	4 (36·36)	16 (40)
Mixed Lesions	18 (35)	6 (54·55)	12 (30)
Marshall Score, n (%)
Diffuse Injury
1	2 (3·92)	0 (0)	2 (5)
2	34 (66·67)	4 (36·36)	30 (75)	0·02
Mass lesions
5	14 (27·45)	7 (63·64)	7 (17·50)
6	1 (1·96)	0 (0)	1 (2·50)
Edema, n (%)
Yes	6 (11·76)	2 (18·18)	4 (10)
No	45 (88·24)	9 (81·82)	36 (90)	0·6
Decompressive Craniectomy, n (%)
Yes	10 (19·61)	6 (54·55)	4 (10)
No	41 (80·39)	5 (45·45)	36 (90)	0·004
GOS-E 12 months, n (%)
Poor outcome
1	10 (19·61)	10 (90·90)	-
3	1 (1·96)	1 (9·1)	-
Good outcome
6	2 (3·92)	-	2 (5)
7	2 (3·92)	-	2 (5)
8	36 (70·59)	-	36 (90)

^ap values of the t-Test or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate, for continuous variables, Fisher's exact test for categorical variables, for differences between the 2 groups [unfavorable versus favorable outcome]).

DAI, Diffuse axonal Injury; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; GOS-E, Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended; IQR, interquartile range.