. 2022 Jun 6;8(6):e09648. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09648

Table 4.

Antioxidant activity of ligand and its complexes.

Test Compounds	EC₅₀^∗,^# (mg/mL)
	Radical scavenging activities
	DPPH	ABTS	Superoxide
HL	3.10 ± 0.47^d	4.65 ± 0.61^d	5.25 ± 2.35^d
HL-Cu	1.30 ± 2.06^b	2.36 ± 0.17^b	3.75 ± 1.35^c
HL-Zn	1.86 ± 1.75^c	3.50 ± 0.62^c	2.50 ± 1.47^b
Standard^ˆ	0.65 ± 0.06^a	0.50 ± 0.04^a	0.70 ± 0.32^a

^{a, b, c, d} Antioxidant activity in the sequence a > b > c > d.

^∗

Values are expressed as mean ± SE. Means in the same column with different superscripts are significantly different (p ≤ 0.05) as separated by Duncan's multiple range test.

The EC₅₀ value is defined as the effective concentration of the test samples to show 50% of antioxidant activity under assay conditions.

^ˆ

Standard: Butylated hydroxy anisole (BHA - positive control).