Table 1.
Medication reminder app use and use intention among older Singaporeans: Prevalence, and unadjusted and adjusted association with predisposing, enabling, and need factors.
| Characteristics | n (Weighted column %) | Medication reminder app use and use intention |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (Weighted row %) | Bivariate |
Multivariable |
||
| Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) | ||||
| Total | 2228 (100.0) | 57 (2.6) | ||
| Predisposing factors | ||||
| Age (years) | ||||
| 62–69 | 751 (36.2) | 34 (4.2) | Ref. | |
| 70–79 | 838 (40.4) | 20 (2.3) | 0.55(0.30–0.98)* | 0.74 (0.39–1.41) |
| 80 or older | 639 (23.4) | 3 (0.4) | 0.09 (0.03–0.31)*** | 0.21 (0.06–0.81)* |
| Gender | ||||
| Male | 1034 (46.7) | 25 (2.5) | Ref. | |
| Female | 1194 (53.3) | 32 (2.6) | 1.05 (0.60–1.83) | 1.40 (0.78–2.51) |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Chinese | 1674 (83.3) | 36 (2.4) | Ref. | |
| Malay | 306 (9.9) | 10 (3.2) | 1.35 (0.65–2.79) | 1.45 (0.67–3.15) |
| Indian | 248 (6.8) | 11 (4.3) | 1.88 (0.94–3.78) | 2.21 (1.00–4.86)* |
| Education level | ||||
| None or Primary | 1351 (60.6) | 17 (1.2) | Ref. | |
| Secondary or higher | 877 (39.4) | 40 (4.7) | 4.19 (2.30–7.65)*** | 2.23 (1.07–4.65)* |
| Housing type | ||||
| 1–2 room government-built flats | 189 (7.8) | 3 (1.4) | Ref. | |
| 3-room government-built flats | 553 (25.2) | 12 (2.1) | 1.47 (0.39–5.58) | 1.36 (0.35–5.31) |
| 4–5 room government-built flats/Private housing | 1486 (66.9) | 42 (2.9) | 2.01 (0.59–6.90) | 1.35 (0.36–5.07) |
| Enabling factors | ||||
| Previous participation in IT/computer courses (in past one year) | ||||
| No | 2141 (95.7) | 49 (2.3) | Ref. | |
| Yes | 87 (4.3) | 8 (8.9) | 4.20 (1.86–9.53)** | 3.53 (1.46–8.57)** |
| Personal mastery | ||||
| First tertile | 969 (43.0) | 21 (2.1) | Ref. | |
| Second tertile | 1138 (51.6) | 33 (3.0) | 1.48 (0.83–2.63) | 1.34 (0.71–2.52) |
| Third tertile | 121 (5.4) | 3 (2.4) | 1.13 (0.31–4.34) | 0.57 (0.14–2.33) |
| Social Networks | ||||
| First tertile | 766 (34.6) | 16 (2.1) | Ref. | |
| Second tertile | 754 (33.7) | 15 (2.2) | 1.06 (0.50–2.22) | 0.78 (0.35–1.76) |
| Third tertile | 708 (31.8) | 26 (3.5) | 1.70 (0.88–3.28) | 0.71 (0.32–1.60) |
| Need factors | ||||
| Self-rated Health | ||||
| Excellent/Very good | 399 (18.1) | 17 (4.3) | Ref. | |
| Good | 926 (39.9) | 24 (2.5) | 0.57 (0.29–1.11) | 0.58 (0.28–1.22) |
| Fair/Poor | 903 (41.9) | 16 (1.8) | 0.41 (0.20–0.84)* | 0.85 (0.34–2.14) |
| Hearing impairment | ||||
| No | 1592 (70.9) | 48 (2.9) | Ref. | |
| Yes | 636 (29.1) | 9 (1.7) | 0.56 (0.27–1.16) | 1.05 (0.46–2.37) |
| Vision impairment | ||||
| No | 1490 (66.3) | 45 (3.0) | Ref. | |
| Yes | 738 (33.7) | 12 (1.7) | 0.54 (0.28–1.06) | 0.86 (0.41–1.82) |
| Physical function limitation | ||||
| No | 1106 (51.1) | 39 (3.6) | Ref. | |
| Yes | 1122 (48.9) | 18 (1.5) | 0.40 (0.22–0.72)** | 0.68 (0.33–1.37) |
| Health literacy | ||||
| Limited/marginal | 1538 (69.6) | 21 (1.3) | Ref. | |
| Adequate | 690 (30.4) | 36 (5.5) | 4.56 (2.58–8.07)*** | 2.63 (1.37–5.02)** |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| No | 418 (19.9) | 9 (2.0) | Ref. | |
| Yes | 1810 (80.1) | 48 (2.7) | 1.39 (0.65–2.98) | 2.64 (1.17–5.96)* |
| Polypharmacy | ||||
| No | 1656 (75.0) | 54 (3.3) | Ref. | |
| Yes | 572 (25.0) | 3 (0.4) | 0.12 (0.04–0.43)** | 0.15 (0.04–0.56)** |
| Medication adherence | ||||
| Adherent | 1706 (76.7) | 33 (2.1) | Ref. | |
| Not adherent | 522 (23.3) | 24 (4.2) | 2.04 (1.17–3.58)* | 2.07 (1.15–3.71)* |
Abbreviation: IT: Information Technology.
95% confidence intervals of odds ratio estimates in bold face do not include 0 (zero).
***p-value<0.001, **p-value<0.01, *p-value<0.05.