TABLE 2.
Baseline clinical characteristics at admission in patients with acute MI and without (control) or complicated with cardiac rupture (CR) or left ventricular thrombus (LVT).
| Variable | Control | LVT-late | LVT-early | CR | P-value |
| N= | 436 | 48 | 82 | 102 | |
| Sex (female, %) | 79 (18.1) | 7 (14.6) | 13 (15.9) | 33 (32.4)a | 0.006 |
| Age (year) | 60.1 ± 11.6 | 59.8 ± 13.7 | 59.8 ± 13.0 | 69.7 ± 9.0a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| Smoking (n, %) | 260 (59.6) | 33 (68.8) | 50 (61.0) | 32 (31.4)a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption (n, %) | 70 (16.1) | 14 (29.2) | 25 (30.5)a | 9 (8.8) b,c | < 0.001 |
| Hypertension (n, %) | 181 (41.5) | 21 (43.8) | 38 (46.3) | 52 (51.0) | 0.351 |
| Diabetes (n, %) | 98 (22.5) | 8 (16.7) | 21 (25.6) | 19 (18.6) | 0.541 |
| Previous MI (n, %) | 31 (7.1) | 3 (6.3) | 5 (6.1) | 3 (2.9) | 0.498 |
| Anterior MI (n, %) | 201 (46.1) | 44 (91.7)a | 80 (97.6)a | 56 (54.9)b,c | < 0.001 |
| Killip Class III-IV (n, %) | 24 (5.5) | 8 (16.7)a | 11 (13.4) | 32 (31.4)a,c | < 0.001 |
| In-hospital death (n, %) | 4 (0.9) | 2 (4.2)a | 1 (1.2) | 59 (57.2)a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| Cardiac surgery and/or MCS (n, %) | 0 (0) | 2 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 21 (20.6)a,c | < 0.001 |
| Pericardiocentesis (n, %) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.2) | 16 (15.7)a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| Catecholamine use (n, %) | 4 (0.9) | 2 (4.2) | 1 (1.2) | 62 (60.8)a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| Symptom-to-admission interval >12 h (n, %) | 202 (46.3) | 14 (29.2) | 39 (47.6) | 59 (57.8)b | 0.012 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 127 ± 24 | 121 ± 19 | 126 ± 21 | 108 ± 31 a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 79 ± 16 | 78 ± 16 | 82 ± 13 | 73 ± 20 a,c | 0.002 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 78 ± 16 | 88 ± 19a | 88 ± 16a | 85 ± 25a | < 0.001 |
| PCI (n, %) | 393 (90.1) | 34 (70.8)a | 73 (89.0) | 38 (37.3) a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| LV aneurysm (n, %) | 23 (5.5) | 26 (54.2)a | 40 (48.8)a | 21 (20.8) a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| Hydropericardium (n, %) | 375 (9.6) | 16 (33.3)a | 30 (36.6)a | 17 (16.8)c | < 0.001 |
| Platelet count (109/L) | 203 [166,241] | 243 [198,277]a | 203 [168,246]b | 176 [146,214]a,b,c | < 0.001 |
| Mean platelet volume (fl) | 11.2 [10.4,12.1] | 10.9 [9.9,11.7] | 11.0 10.0,12.0] | 11.5 [10.7,12.6]b | 0.028 |
| hsCRP ≥ 9.5 mg/L (%) | 29.2 | 54.3a | 64.6a | 66.7a | < 0.001 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/L) | 3.12 [2.53,4.06] | 4.01 [2.93,5.35]a | 4.20 [3.11,5.47]a | 3.68 [2.86,4.91]a | < 0.001 |
| Fibrinogen degradation products (mg/L) | 1.51 [1.09,2.42] | 3.90 [2.50,6.92]a | 2.42 [1.57,5.60]a | 3.11 [1.97,6.77]a | < 0.001 |
| D dimer (mg/L) | 0.60 [0.38,1.00] | 1.65 [0.90,3.20]a | 1.00 [0.68,2.05]a | 1.30 [0.74,2.60]a | < 0.001 |
Data are mean (SD), n (%), or median (interquartile range, IQR).
LVT-late, symptom-to-LVT interval > 1 week; LVT-early, symptom-to-LVT interval ≤ 1 week; SBP and DBP, systolic or diastolic blood pressure; MCS, mechanical circulatory support; hsCRP, high-sensitive C-reactive protein; P-values were derived from among-group comparison by the Chi-square test or the Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA. Statistical significance between two groups is indicated as follows: a, vs. control; b, vs. LVT-late; c, vs. LVT- early.