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. 2022 Jun 9;13:808442. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.808442

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Copyright © 2022 Bringmann, Bogdanski, Seifert and Voss.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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HRV changes (pre-to-post differences) within the three treatment groups. Plots from results of estimated marginal means with pre-to-post differences per group indicating improved HRV for Meditation Based Lifestyle Modification (MBLM), almost no changes for drug continuation therapy (MINIMAL treatment), and deterioration for treatment as usual (TAU); (A) Differences in meanNN (average beat-to-beat interval as negative pendant to average heart rate); (B) Differences in RMSSD (root mean square of successive beat-to-beat interval differences as measure for short-term or vagal activity); (C) Differences in symdynrenyi4 (Renyi4 entropy of symbolic dynamic patterns in the beat-to-beat interval series as measure for its complexity).