TABLE 2.
Hemodynamics and exercise physiology in PAVF patients at the time of detection.
| PAVF | Diffuse | Discrete | No | p | ||
| Cases (n) | 30 | 6 | 355 | |||
| Time course of PAVF | ||||||
| A/P/T | 20/7/3 | 5/1/0 | – | |||
| Hemodynamics | ||||||
| CVP (mmHg) | 12 ± 3# | 10 ± 3 | 10 ± 3 | 0.0003 | ||
| CI (L/min/m2) | 3.3 ± 1.3†# | 2.2 ± 0.4# | 3.0 ± 0.6 | 0.0004 | ||
| Rp (U•m2) | 1.5 ± 0.8 | 1.5 ± 0.5 | 1.3 ± 0.6 | 0.2566 | ||
| Rs (U•m2) | 24 ± 12† | 35 ± 9# | 24 ± 7 | 0.0006 | ||
| SaO2 (%) | 89 ± 9†# | 93 ± 2 | 94 ± 3 | <0.0001 | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | 15 ± 2 | 16 ± 3 | 14 ± 2 | 0.0883 | ||
| Cardiac function | ||||||
| EDVI (ml/m2) | 94 ± 36# | 89 ± 34 | 75 ± 25 | 0.0007 | ||
| EF (%) | 56 ± 12 | 53 ± 8 | 55 ± 9 | 0.806 | ||
| AVVR ≥ mod (%) | 11 | 0 | 9 | 0.5395 | ||
| Log BNP (pg/mL) | 2.9 ± 1.1 | 3.2 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.9 | 0.3646 | ||
| Exercise Physiology (n) | (14) | (6) | (280) | |||
| Peak VO2 (% of N) | 50 ± 15# | 52 ± 13 | 59 ± 14 | 0.0081 | ||
| SpO2 (%) | ||||||
| Rest | 92 ± 4# | 91 ± 1# | 94 ± 3 | 0.0007 | ||
| Peak | 84 ± 7# | 84 ± 3# | 90 ± 5 | <0.0001 | ||
| Decrease | −7 ± 5# | −7 ± 3 | −4 ± 3 | 0.0002 | ||
| VE/VCO2 at peak (% of N) | 134 ± 23†# | 110 ± 22 | 115 ± 19 | 0.0001 | ||
| Pulmonary function (n) | (14) | (6) | (250) | |||
| Vital Capacity (% of N) | 73 ± 14 | 68 ± 12 | 80 ± 16 | 0.0547 | ||
| FEV1.0 (%) | 87 ± 10 | 85 ± 8 | 87 ± 7 | 0.8501 | ||
AVVR, atrioventricular valve regurgitation; BNP, brain natriuretic peptide; CI, cardiac index; CVP, central venous pressure; EF, ejection fraction of the systemic ventricle; EDVI, end-diastolic volume index of the systemic ventricle; FEV1.0, forced expired volume in one second; Rp, resistance of the pulmonary artery; Rs, resistance of the systemic artery; SaO2, arterial oxygen saturation; SpO2, percutaneous artery oxygen saturation; VE/VCO2, ventilatory equivalent for carbon dioxide output; VO2, oxygen uptake. Values are the mean ± SD. #,†Indicate p < 0.05 vs. groups of No and Discrete, respectively.