TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics – stratified by T2DM at HTX.
| Parameter | All (n = 376) | T2DM (n = 121) | No T2DM (n = 255) | Difference | 95% CI | P-value |
| Recipient data | ||||||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 51.9 ± 10.4 | 56.0 ± 7.3 | 49.9 ± 11.0 | 6.1 | 4.2–8.0 | <0.001* |
| Male sex, n (%) | 287 (76.3%) | 99 (81.8%) | 188 (73.7%) | 8.1% | –0.6 – 16.8% | 0.085 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 25.2 ± 4.3 | 26.9 ± 4.4 | 24.4 ± 3.9 | 2.5 | 1.6 – 3.4 | <0.001* |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 207 (55.1%) | 91 (75.2%) | 116 (45.5%) | 29.7% | 19.9 – 39.5% | <0.001* |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 242 (64.4%) | 102 (84.3%) | 140 (54.9%) | 29.4% | 20.5 – 38.3% | <0.001* |
| COPD, n (%) | 94 (25.0%) | 37 (30.6%) | 57 (22.4%) | 8.2% | –1.5 – 17.9% | 0.085 |
| Severe chronic kidney disease^, n (%) | 40 (10.6%) | 17 (14.0%) | 23 (9.0%) | 5.0% | –2.1 – 12.1% | 0.139 |
| Principal diagnosis for HTX | ||||||
| Ischemic CMP, n (%) | 126 (33.5%) | 60 (49.6%) | 66 (25.9%) | 23.7% | 13.3 – 34.1% | <0.001* |
| Non-ischemic CMP, n (%) | 187 (49.7%) | 53 (43.8%) | 134 (52.5%) | 8.7% | –2.1 – 19.5% | 0.113 |
| Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 16 (4.3%) | 5 (4.1%) | 11 (4.3%) | 0.2% | –4.1 – 4.5% | 0.935 |
| Cardiac amyloidosis, n (%) | 47 (12.5%) | 3 (2.5%) | 44 (17.3%) | 14.8% | 9.4 – 20.2% | <0.001* |
| Previous open-heart surgery | ||||||
| CABG surgery, n (%) | 47 (12.5%) | 24 (19.8%) | 23 (9.0%) | 10.8% | 2.9 – 18.7% | 0.003 * |
| Other surgery°, n (%) | 41 (10.9%) | 17 (14.0%) | 24 (9.4%) | 4.6% | –2.5 – 11.7% | 0.178 |
| VAD surgery, n (%) | 29 (7.7%) | 11 (9.1%) | 18 (7.1%) | 2.0% | –4.0 – 8.0% | 0.490 |
| Donor data | ||||||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 44.0 ± 12.8 | 45.0 ± 12.5 | 43.6 ± 12.9 | 1.4 | –1.4 – 4.2 | 0.321 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 126 (33.5%) | 43 (35.5%) | 83 (32.5%) | 3.0% | –7.3 – 13.3% | 0.566 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 25.0 ± 4.5 | 25.5 ± 3.9 | 24.8 ± 4.7 | 0.7 | –0.2 – 1.6 | 0.127 |
| Transplant sex mismatch | ||||||
| Mismatch, n (%) | 186 (49.5%) | 68 (56.2%) | 118 (46.3%) | 9.9% | –0.9 – 20.7% | 0.072 |
| Donor (m) to recipient (f), n (%) | 12 (3.2%) | 6 (5.0%) | 6 (2.4%) | 2.6% | –1.7 – 6.9% | 0.179 |
| Donor (f) to recipient (m), n (%) | 174 (46.3%) | 62 (51.2%) | 112 (43.9%) | 7.3% | –3.5 – 18.1% | 0.184 |
| Perioperative data | ||||||
| Ischemic time (min), mean ± SD | 248.1 ± 59.1 | 250.6 ± 60.7 | 247.0 ± 58.4 | 3.6 | –9.4 – 16.6 | 0.588 |
| Biatrial HTX, n (%) | 5 (1.3%) | 1 (0.8%) | 4 (1.6%) | 0.8% | –1.4 – 3.0% | 0.557 |
| Bicaval HTX, n (%) | 146 (38.8%) | 45 (37.2%) | 101 (39.6%) | 2.4% | –8.1 – 12.9% | 0.653 |
| Total orthotopic HTX, n (%) | 225 (59.9%) | 75 (62.0%) | 150 (58.8%) | 3.2% | –7.3 – 13.7% | 0.559 |
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CI, confidence interval; CMP, cardiomyopathy; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; f, female; HTX, heart transplantation; m, male; n, number; SD, standard deviation; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; VAD, ventricular assist device; ^, estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2; °, congenital, valvular or ventricular surgery; *, statistically significant (P < 0.050).