TABLE 2.
Baseline characteristics – stratified by HbA1c at HTX.
| Parameter | T2DM (n = 121) | HbA1c < 7.0% (n = 67) | HbA1c ≥ 7.0% (n = 54) | Difference | 95% CI | P-value |
| Recipient data | ||||||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 56.0 ± 7.3 | 57.0 ± 7.1 | 54.8 ± 7.5 | 2.2 | –0.4 – 4.8 | 0.093 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 99 (81.8%) | 51 (76.1%) | 48 (88.9%) | 12.8% | –0.4 – 26.0% | 0.070 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 26.9 ± 4.4 | 26.2 ± 4.3 | 27.6 ± 4.5 | 1.4 | –0.2 – 3.0 | 0.086 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 91 (75.2%) | 51 (76.1%) | 40 (74.1%) | 2.0% | –13.5 – 17.5% | 0.796 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 102 (84.3%) | 57 (85.1%) | 45 (83.3%) | 1.8% | –11.3 – 14.9% | 0.794 |
| COPD, n (%) | 37 (30.6%) | 17 (25.4%) | 20 (37.0%) | 11.6% | –4.9 – 28.1% | 0.166 |
| Severe chronic kidney disease^, n (%) | 17 (14.0%) | 9 (13.4%) | 8 (14.8%) | 1.4% | –11.1 – 13.9% | 0.828 |
| Principal diagnosis for HTX | ||||||
| Ischemic CMP, n (%) | 60 (49.6%) | 35 (52.2%) | 25 (46.3%) | 5.9% | 11.9 – 23.7% | 0.516 |
| Non-ischemic CMP, n (%) | 53 (43.8%) | 27 (40.3%) | 26 (48.1%) | 7.8% | –9.9 – 25.5% | 0.387 |
| Valvular heart disease, n (%) | 5 (4.1%) | 3 (4.5%) | 2 (3.7%) | 0.8% | –6.3 – 7.9% | 0.832 |
| Cardiac amyloidosis, n (%) | 3 (2.5%) | 2 (3.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1.1% | –4.3 – 6.5% | 0.690 |
| Previous open-heart surgery | ||||||
| CABG surgery, n (%) | 24 (19.8%) | 15 (22.4%) | 9 (16.7%) | 5.7% | –8.4 – 19.8% | 0.433 |
| Other surgery°, n (%) | 17 (14.0%) | 9 (13.4%) | 8 (14.8%) | 1.4% | –11.1 – 13.9% | 0.828 |
| VAD surgery, n (%) | 11 (9.1%) | 6 (9.0%) | 5 (9.3%) | 0.3% | –10.0 – 10.6% | 0.954 |
| Donor data | ||||||
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 45.0 ± 12.5 | 46.1 ± 10.9 | 43.6 ± 14.3 | 2.5 | –2.2 – 7.2 | 0.295 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 43 (35.5%) | 25 (37.3%) | 18 (33.3%) | 4.0% | –13.1 – 21.1% | 0.649 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 25.5 ± 3.9 | 25.6 ± 4.0 | 25.3 ± 3.7 | 0.3 | –1.1 – 1.7 | 0.589 |
| Transplant sex mismatch | ||||||
| Mismatch, n (%) | 68 (56.2%) | 38 (56.7%) | 30 (55.6%) | 1.1% | –16.7 – 18.9% | 0.898 |
| Donor (m) to recipient (f), n (%) | 6 (5.0%) | 6 (9.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 9.0% | 2.1 – 15.9% | 0.024* |
| Donor (f) to recipient (m), n (%) | 62 (51.2%) | 32 (47.7%) | 30 (55.6%) | 7.9% | –10.0 – 25.8% | 0.394 |
| Perioperative data | ||||||
| Ischemic time (min), mean ± SD | 250.6 ± 60.7 | 245.9 ± 64.3 | 256.4 ± 56.1 | 10.5 | –11.2 – 32.2 | 0.338 |
| Biatrial HTX, n (%) | 1 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.9%) | 1.9% | –1.7 – 5.5% | 0.263 |
| Bicaval HTX, n (%) | 45 (37.2%) | 21 (31.3%) | 24 (44.4%) | 13.1% | –4.2 – 30.4% | 0.138 |
| Total orthotopic HTX, n (%) | 75 (62.0%) | 46 (68.7%) | 29 (53.7%) | 15.0% | –2.3 – 32.3% | 0.092 |
CABG, coronary artery bypass graft; CI, confidence interval; CMP, cardiomyopathy; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; f, female; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HTX, heart transplantation; m, male; n, number; SD, standard deviation; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; VAD, ventricular assist device; ^, estimated glomerular filtration rate < 30 ml/min/1.73 m2; °, congenital, valvular or ventricular surgery; *, statistically significant (P < 0.050).