Table 4.

Relative risk estimations of ACE scores for different sociodemographic factors.

Covariates	Relative risk estimations	Comparisons of ACE scores
		1 vs. 0	2 vs.0	3 vs.0	4+ s.0
Sex
Male vs. female	Odds ratio	0.7	0.7	0.6	0.4
	95% CI	0.6–0.8	0.6–0.8	0.5–0.8	0.3–0.6
	p-value	<0.001	<0.001	0.002	<0.001
Race/Ethnicity
African American vs. White	Odds ratio	1.5	1.9	1.3	1.1
	95% CI	1.2–1.9	1.4–2.5	0.8–1.9	0.7–1.6
	p-value	<0.001	<0.001	0.26	0.73
Hispanic vs. White	Odds ratio	1.1	1.2	0.8	0.9
	95% CI	0.8–1.4	0.9–1.6	0.5–1.3	0.5–1.6
	p-value	0.50	0.28	0.36	0.76
Others vs. White	Odds ratio	1.1	1.3	1.3	1.5
	95% CI	0.8–1.5	0.9–1.9	0.7–2.1	0.9–2.5
	p-value	0.43	0.14	0.37	0.12
Education
Four-year college vs. No college	Odds ratio	0.5	0.3	0.3	0.2
	95% CI	0.4–0.6	0.2–0.4	0.2–0.5	0.1–0.3
	p-value	<0.0011	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Associate degree vs. No college	Odds ratio	0.6	0.4	0.5	0.3
	95% CI	0.5–0.7	0.4–0.6	0.3–0.7	0.2–0.4
	p-value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Frequency of receiving social welfare
Once vs. Never	Odds ratio	1.5	1.6	2.1	2.3
	95% CI	1.2–1.9	1.2–2.1	1.5–3.0	1.4–3.6
	p-value	<0.001	0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Multiple times vs. Never	Odds ratio	1.6	2.4	3.4	3.7
	95% CI	1.2–2.2	1.6–3.6	2.3–5.1	2.3–6.0
	p-value	0.002	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Childhood residential urbanity
Suburban vs. Rural	Odds ratio	1.2	1.1	1.3	1.3
	95% CI	1.0–1.5	0.8–1.4	1.0–1.9	0.8–2.3
	p-value	0.12	0.57	0.09	0.29
Urban vs. Rural	Odds ratio	1.4	1.4	1.5	1.2
	95% CI	1.1–1.9	1.0–1.8	1.0–2.2	0.7–2.2
	p-value	0.005	0.03	0.04	0.46
Moved between vs. Rural	Odds ratio	1.0	1.5	1.7	1.2
	95% CI	0.7–1.5	1.1–2.1	1.0–2.8	0.5–2.9
	p-value	0.85	0.02	0.05	0.65