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. 2022 Jun 23;59(6):2101454. doi: 10.1183/13993003.01454-2021

TABLE 1.

Patient characteristics

Variable Control PAH low Eed PAH high Eed p-value
Subjects, n 31 47 47
Age, years 43±14 55±18* 59±18* <0.001
Female, n (%) 20 (65%) 29 (62%) 32 (68%) 0.81
NYHA 1/2/3/4 16/11/4/0 3/19/22/3* 1/14/28/4* <0.001
NTproBNP, pg·mL−1 (n=121) 38 (19.5–58.5) 443 (233–1366)* 2052 (1100–3281)*,# <0.001
Catheterisation
 Heart rate, bpm 75±12 79±13 81±14 0.15
 mPAP, mmHg 15±4 46±11* 56±16*,# <0.001
 PAWP, mmHg 8±3 9±3 9±3 0.33
 Cardiac index, L·min−1·m−2 3.6±1.0 2.7±0.8* 2.4±0.9* <0.001
 PVR, mmHg·L−1·min­−1 1.0 (0.7–1.5) 7.5 (4.9–9.7)* 11.1 (7.2–15.4)*,# <0.001
 mRAP, mmHg 4 (3–6) 6 (4–9)* 8 (4–11)* 0.001
 RVEDP, mmHg 8±4 14±6* 18±8*,# < 0.001
  SvO2, % 76±5 65±8* 60±12*,# <0.001
CMR
 RVEDV index, mL·m−2 66±13 82±21* 83±23* <0.001
 RVESV index, mL·m−2 27±7 50±22* 57±20* <0.001
 SV index, mL·m−2 39±8 32±8* 27±9*,# <0.001
 RVEF, % 60±6 41±13* 33±10*,# <0.001
 RV mass index, g·m−2 21±5 46±14* 53±17*,# <0.001
 RA maximum volume index, mL·m−2 48 (43–56) 68 (57–89)* 78 (62–95)* <0.001
 TR volume, mL
 No/<30 mL/30–59 mL/>59 mL		 24/7/0/0 27/19/1/0 26/20/1/0 0.38
Pressure-volume analysis
 Ees, mmHg·mL−1 (n=119) NA 0.45 (0.34–0.74)* 0.52 (0.38–0.83)* <0.001
 Ea, mmHg·mL−1 (n=123) NA 1.23 (0.94–1.70)* 1.85 (1.40–2.40)*,# <0.001
 Ees/Ea (n=119) NA 0.42 (0.26–0.61)* 0.30 (0.23–0.42)* <0.001
 Eed, mmHg·mL−1 (n=119) 0.20 (0.15–0.24) 0.39 (0.24–0.52)* 0.93 (0.78–1.14)*,# <0.001

Data presented as mean±sd or median (interquartile range) when data were not normally distributed. PAH: pulmonary arterial hypertension; Eed: end-diastolic elastance; NYHA: New York Heart Association; NT-proBNP: N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide; mPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; PAWP: pulmonary arterial wedge pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; mRAP: mean right atrial pressure; RVEDP: right ventricular end-diastolic pressure; SvO2: mixed venous oxygen saturation; CMR: cardiac magnetic resonance; RVEDV: right ventricular end-diastolic volume; RVESV: right ventricular end-systolic volume; SV: stroke volume; RVEF: right ventricular ejection fraction; TR: tricuspid regurgitation; Ees: end-systolic elastance; Ea: arterial elastance. *: p<0.05 versus control; #: p<0.05 versus low Eed.