TABLE 2.
Treatment response of patients with high Eed, categorised as patients with improvement of Eed and patients in whom Eed remained high
| Variable | Eed improved (n=14) | Eed stable >0.63 (n=12) | p-interaction | ||
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | ||
| Female, n (%) | 10 (71%) | 8 (67%) | 1 | ||
| ERA/PDE5i/double/triple | 2/1/8/3 | 3/3/6/0 | 0.33 | ||
| Catheterisation | |||||
| mPAP, mmHg | 58±20 | 43±17 | 53±8 | 49±10 | 0.052 |
| Cardiac index, L·min−1·m−2 | 2.1±0.7 | 3.1±0.7** | 2.3±0.7 | 2.4±0.7 | 0.020 |
| PVR, mmHg·L−1·min−1 | 11.9 (8.2–15.5) | 4.5 (3.7–7.3)** | 12.7 (8.1–14.9) | 8.5 (5.9–11.7) | 0.14 |
| mRAP, mmHg | 5.0 (3.3–10.5) | 4.0 (3.3–6.0) | 10.0 (5.0–15.0) | 8.5 (5.8–10.2) | 0.85 |
| RVEDP, mmHg | 17.4±9.1 | 11.1±5.1 | 18.1±5.7 | 17.4±4.4 | 0.08 |
| CMR | |||||
| RVEDV index, mL·m−2 | 82±24 | 77±23 | 74±19 | 70±24 | 0.89 |
| RVESV index, mL·m−2 | 57±22 | 42±16 | 47±17 | 41±21 | 0.10 |
| SV index, mL·m−2 | 24±7 | 35±11** | 26±7 | 29±7 | 0.003 |
| RVEF, % | 31±9 | 47±10** | 37±12 | 44±12 | 0.014 |
| RV mass index, g·m−2 | 57±19 | 45±13 | 46±7 | 44±11 | 0.051 |
| RA maximum volume index, mL·m−2 | 76 (60–86) | 63 (57–71) | 80 (72–97) | 75 (64–106) | 0.26 |
| Pressure–volume | |||||
| Ees, mmHg·mL−1 | 0.69 (0.40–0.84) | 0.26 (0.18–0.48) | 0.55 (0.40–0.83) | 0.52 (0.40–0.86) | 0.15 |
| Ea, mmHg·mL−1 | 2.28 (1.77–2.63) | 0.89 (0.76–1.29)** | 1.77 (1.61–2.24) | 1.55 (1.22–1.96) | <0.001 |
| Ees/Ea | 0.29 (0.23–0.34) | 0.36 (0.16–0.58) | 0.32 (0.24–0.41) | 0.39 (0.25–0.63) | 0.83 |
| Eed, mmHg·mL−1 | 0.92 (0.88–1.15) | 0.37 (0.31–0.46)** | 1.02 (0.81–1.42) | 0.82 (0.74–0.97) | <0.001 |
| Strain analysis, % | |||||
| RA reservoir strain | 13.3±4.2 | 18.3±4.5* | 11.2±4.9 | 15.7±5.9 | 0.83 |
| RA passive strain | −4.4±2.0 | −9.3±4.0** | −4.2±3.3 | −6.8±4.7 | 0.11 |
| RA active strain | −9.1±3.7 | −9.7±3.3 | −7.4±4.0 | −9.2±4.0 | 0.52 |
| RV GLS | −12.6±3.4 | −18.2±3.9** | −14.2±5.0 | −16.9±4.7 | 0.21 |
| RV passive strain | 5.9±3.1 | 8.6±3.4 | 5.8±3.2 | 8.0±3.9 | 0.74 |
| RV active strain | 7.0±3.4 | 9.8±3.4 | 8.4±4.5 | 9.2±4.5 | 0.32 |
| RA–RV interaction | |||||
| RA passive emptying, mL | 23±10 | 22±9 | 22±9 | 23±13 | 0.57 |
| RA active emptying, mL | 37±12 | 34±11 | 37±18 | 39±17 | 0.24 |
| RV passive filling, mL | 31±21 | 33±18 | 37±19 | 40±26 | 0.85 |
| RV active filling, mL | 14±11 | 33±16** | 13±15 | 16±14 | 0.053 |
| RA stroke work, mL·mmHg | 634±365 | 409±275 | 691±464 | 709±421 | 0.073 |
| Vena cava backflow, mL | 23±17 | 1±12** | 22±15 | 20±17 | 0.013 |
Data presented as mean±sd or median (interquartile range) when data were not normally distributed. p-values represent the interaction of time and group as determined with repeated measures ANOVA. Eed: end-diastolic elastance; ERA: endothelin receptor antagonist; PDE5i: phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor; double: combination of ERA and PDE5i; triple: combination of ERA, PDE5i and prostacyclin agonist; mPAP: mean pulmonary artery pressure; PVR: pulmonary vascular resistance; mRAP: mean right atrial pressure; RVEDP: right ventricular end-diastolic pressure; CMR: cardiac magnetic resonance; RVEDV: right ventricular end-diastolic volume; RVESV: right ventricular end-systolic volume; SV: stroke volume; RVEF: right ventricular ejection fraction; RV: right ventricular; RA: right atrial; Ees: end-systolic elastance; Ea: arterial elastance; GLS: global longitudinal strain. *: p<0.05 in comparison with baseline, after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing; **: p<0.01 in comparison with baseline, after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing.