Table 4.

Exosomal transport protein, heat shock protein, and adhesion protein.

Type of cancer	Protein marker	Number of patients/controls	Source of exosome/amount of sample	Isolation technique	Diagnostic accuracy of proposed marker	Reference
Lung cancer	HSP70	18/19	Plasma/10 ml blood	Ultracentrifugation	AUC = 0.8968 for distinguishing metastatic stage of cancer (including lung cancer and breast cancer). Comparison was made between patients with metastatic cancer and non-metastatic cancer.	(83)
	Fibronectin	21/41	Serum/unspecified	Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation	AUC = 0.844.	(84)
Gastric cancer	PSMA3/PSMA6	24/13	Serum/2 ml	exoEasy Maxi Kit (QIAGEN)	Significantly increased in six patients with late-stage gastric cancer.	(85)
Colorectal cancer	HSP90	18/18	Serum/250 µl	Total Exosome Isolation Kit (Invitrogen)	Significantly decreased in 18 representative samples.	(86)
Prostate cancer	αvβ3	70/14	Plasma/over 3 ml	Ultracentrifugation	Significantly increased in representative samples.	(78)
	ACTN4	20/8	Serum/unspecified	Sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation	Significantly increased in castration-resistant prostate cancer compared to prostate cancer patients receiving primary androgen deprivation therapy.	(87)
Pancreatic cancer	ZIP4	24/78	Serum/500 µl	ExoQuick Kit (SBI)	AUC = 0.89 for distinguishing malignant cancer from benign pancreatic disease. AUC = 0.8931 for distinguishing malignant cancer group from normal group. [Number of controls include benign pancreatic disease (32) and normal subjects (46)]	(88)
Endometrial cancer	ANXA2	41/20	Plasma/500 µl	ExoGAG	AUC = 0.748.	(89)
Gynecologic cancer	HSP22	30	Serum/1 ml	Ultracentrifugation	Comparison was made among patients with ovarian cancer, patients with endometrial cancer and patients with endometriosis. Although no significant result was concluded.	(90)

If no specified AUC, sensitivity, or specificity is claimed in the reference, no precise numerical data for diagnostic accuracy are included in this table.

AUC, area under the curve.