Table 6.
Tumor-associated exosomal protein in urine and ascites.
| Type of Cancer | Protein Marker | Number of patients/controls | Source of exosome/amount of sample | Isolation technique | Diagnostic accuracy of proposed marker | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prostate cancer | TMEM256 | 16/15 | Urine/50~150 ml | Ultracentrifugation | AUC = 0.87. Sensitivity = 94.0%, specificity = 100.0%. | (104) |
| Bladder cancer | TACSTD2 | 28/12 | Urine/12.5 ml | Ultracentrifugation | AUC = 0.741. Control group is composed of 12 hernia patients. A higher AUC = 0.80 of TACSTD2 was obtained in a larger cohort of 221 samples with ELISA. | (105) |
| Pancreatic cancer | CD133 | 19 | Ascites/unspecified | exoEasy Maxi Kit (QIAGEN) |
The intensity of high-density glycosylation of CD133 significantly correlated with survival days of pancreatic patients. Non-malignant ascites from alcoholic and hepatitis C-related cirrhotic patients were considered as control. | (106) |
| Endometriosis | ANXA2 | 22/6 | Peritoneal fluid/1 ml | Exo-spin Kit (Cell Guidance) |
Specifically existed in endometriosis patients regardless of disease stage. | (18) |
| Renal disease | Polycystin-1 | 6 | Urine/50 ml | Ultracentrifugation | Significantly increased in urinary exosomes. Comparison was made between urinary samples and kidney tissue samples. | (107) |
If no specified AUC, sensitivity, or specificity is claimed in the reference, no precise numerical data for diagnostic accuracy are included in this table.
AUC, area under the curve.