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. 2022 Jun 9;12:901971. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.901971

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Copyright © 2022 van der Watt, Reader and Birkholtz

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Important biological processes of immature gametocytes. Immature gametocytes require extensive transcriptional reprogramming, metabolic adaptations, and ultrastructural changes. Processes with evidence of targetability is indicated either through genetic validation of essentiality (*essential to gametocytes, ^#essential to ABS, www.phenoPlasm.org; those genes refractory to manipulation indicating essentiality are underlined) or by chemical inhibition (grey text borders) and those shared with ABS are indicated in italics. EM, erythrocyte membrane; PVM, parasitophorous vacuolar membrane; IMC, inner membrane complex; ER, Endoplasmic reticulum; Mt, microtubular network; A, acidocalcisome; T, transporter; PPM, parasite plasma membrane; FV, food vacuole; N, nucleus; M, mitochondrion and R, ribosome. Protein names are explained in text. Created and modified with BioRender.com.