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. 2022 Jun 9;12:901971. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.901971

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Copyright © 2022 van der Watt, Reader and Birkholtz

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Male and female gametes and their differentiative biological processes. Gametogenesis involves intracellular signaling, DNA synthesis, lipid metabolism and energy metabolism reminiscent of the asexual stages (glycolysis and TCA cycle). Protein essentiality (www.phenoPlasm.org) is indicated by a * (gametocytes) or ^# (asexual stages) or underlined where the gene is refractory to deletion. Proteins that are validated as potential target through chemical inhibition are indicated in grey borders. EM, erythrocyte membrane; ER, Endoplasmic reticulum; A, acidocalcisome; EV, egress vesicle; OB, osmiophillic body; PPM, parasite plasma membrane; FV, food vacuole; N, nucleus; M, mitochondrion and R, ribosome. Protein names are explained in text.