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. 2022 Jun 9;12:879018. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.879018

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Copyright © 2022 Las-Casas, Marina, de Castro, Coelho, Báo, de Hoog, Vicente, Fernandes and Bocca

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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F. pedrosoi, F. nubica, and F. erecta can produce extracellular vesicles (EVs), which are affected by growth conditions. EVs were isolated from F. pedrosoi (green), F. nubica (red), and F. erecta (blue). Ergosterol and protein content (A) of the EVs were measured by Amplex Red Cholesterol assay kit and Micro BCA Protein kit assay, respectively. Dimensional analyses by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) of EVs isolated from rich medium (B), minimum medium without muriform cells (MCs) (C), and minimum medium with MCs (D). Average diameter peaks by DLS plotted for F. pedrosoi (E), F. nubica (F), and F. erecta (G). Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) imaging was used to assess the EVs’ morphology and distribution in all conditions (H). Scale bars: 100nm. For all plots, ** indicates p < 0.01, *** indicates p < 0.001, **** indicates p < 0.0001 according to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results presented in this work refer to a representative triplicate group experiment of at least two independent assays.