Figure 4.

EVs isolated from the rich medium trigger IL-1β production possibly acting as the first signal of inflammasome activation. MM MC- stands for minimum medium without muriform cells and MM MC+ for minimum medium in the presence of muriform cells. EVs (80 ng/mL of sterol content) from F. pedrosoi (A, D), F. nubica (B, E), and F. erecta (C, F) grown in RM, MM MC-, and MM MC+ were incubated with 1x10⁶ BMDMs in the presence or absence of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 500 ng/mL) and/or nigericin (Ng, 20 μM) for 24h. IL-1β secretion was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). For all plots, * indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.01, **** indicates p < 0.0001 compared to negative and positive controls according to one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results presented in this work refer to a representative triplicate group experiment of at least two independent assays.