TABLE 2.
Clinical characteristics of the study population disaggregated by quartiles of serum uric acid level.
| Serum uric acid quartile | Q1 | Q2 | Q3 | Q4 | P-value |
| Number of subjects | 663 | 694 | 648 | 645 | |
| Age (year)b | 41 (23) | 42 (25) | 44 (26) | 52 (24) | 0.058 |
| Race (%)a | < 0.01 | ||||
| Mexican American | 108 (16.3) | 90 (13.0) | 77 (11.9) | 69 (10.7) | |
| Other Hispanic | 89 (13.4) | 84 (12.1) | 67 (10.3) | 52 (8.1) | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 231 (34.8) | 263 (37.9) | 238 (36.7) | 294 (45.6) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 139 (21.0) | 131 (18.9) | 140 (21.6) | 140 (21.7) | |
| Other race | 96 (14.5) | 126 (18.2) | 126 (19.4) | 90 (14.0) | |
| Education level (%)a | < 0.01 | ||||
| Less than 9th grade | 56 (8.4) | 63 (9.1) | 57 (8.8) | 43 (6.7) | |
| 9–11th grade | 83 (12.5) | 66 (9.5) | 73 (11.3) | 75 (11.6) | |
| High school graduate | 116 (17.5) | 121 (17.4) | 119 (18.4) | 146 (22.6) | |
| College degree | 203 (30.6) | 209 (30.1) | 216 (33.3) | 225 (34.9) | |
| College graduate or above | 205 (30.9) | 235 (33.9) | 183 (28.2) | 156 (24.2) | |
| Waist circumference (cm)b | 86.2 (16.2) | 91.0 (19.3) | 96.3 (22.0) | 102.8 (22.3) | < 0.01 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)b | 24.9 (6.6) | 26.9 (8.6) | 28.6 (9.6) | 31.3 (11.0) | < 0.01 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L)b | 4.71 (1.26) | 4.81 (1.24) | 4.94 (1.27) | 5.12 (1.39) | 0.085 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L)b | 0.84 (0.57) | 0.93 (0.67) | 1.03 (0.72) | 1.30 (0.96) | < 0.01 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L)b | 60.1 (15.9) | 61.9 (15.0) | 64.5 (18.4) | 68.1 (21.2) | < 0.01 |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1⋅73m2)b | 100.18 (32.10) | 94.81 (27.45) | 91.96 (30.86) | 83.53 (35.13) | < 0.01 |
| Insulin (mU/L)b | 7.06 (5.84) | 8.16 (7.00) | 9.96 (8.66) | 11.66 (11.00) | < 0.01 |
| Fasting glucose (mmol/L)b | 5.22 (0.56) | 5.27 (0.67) | 5.38 (0.61) | 5.50 (0.78) | < 0.01 |
| HOMA-IRb | 1.64 (1.37) | 1.89 (1.84) | 2.37 (2.24) | 2.84 (3.00) | < 0.01 |
| Insulin resistance (%)a | 82 (12.4) | 131 (18.9) | 180 (27.8) | 270 (41.9) | < 0.01 |
| Poverty income ratio <1 (%)a | 166 (27.2) | 160 (24.7) | 139 (23.3) | 149 (25.3) | 0.485 |
| Serum uric acid (μmol/L)b | 208.2 (35.7) | 255.8 (23.8) | 297.4 (23.8) | 362.8 (59.5) | < 0.01 |
| Glycohemoglobin (%)b | 5.4 (0.5) | 5.4 (0.5) | 5.4 (0.5) | 5.5 (0.5) | 0.360 |
| Hypertension (%) a | 136 (20.5) | 159 (22.9) | 199 (30.7) | 293 (45.4) | < 0.01 |
| Had at least 12 alcohol drinks/year (%)a | 359 (62.4) | 402 (66.4) | 363 (63.4) | 344 (59.9) | 0.138 |
| Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life (%)a | 207 (31.2) | 211 (30.4) | 204 (31.5) | 231 (35.8) | 0.149 |
NHANES 2011–2016 (Women = 2,650).
Data are number of subjects (percentage) or medians (interquartile ranges).
aChi-square test was used to compare the percentage among participants in different groups.
bKruskal–Wallis test was used to compare the median values among participants in different groups.
Serum uric acid quartiles: Q1 (uric acid ≤ 232.00 μmol/L), Q2 (232.00 < uric acid ≤ 273.60 μmol/L), Q3 (273.60 < uric acid ≤ 321.20 μmol/L), and Q4 (uric acid > 321.20 μmol/L).