TABLE 1.
Trends of ASR SEV attributable to high LDL-C in 1990 and 2019.
| Characteristics | 1990 age-standardized SEV rate per 100,000 people No. (95%UI) | 2019 age-standardized SEV rate per 100,000 people No. (95%UI) | 1990-2019 EAPC%. (95%UI) | percentage change in age-standardized SEV rates, 1990-2019 |
| Overall | 35.7 (32.9, 38.7) | 32.4 (29.5, 35.6) | –0.3% (–0.4%, –0.2%) | –9.1% (–10.5%, –7.9%) |
| sex | ||||
| Female | 37 (34.3, 40.1) | 33.7 (30.8, 36.9) | –0.3% (–0.3%, –0.3%) | –9% (–10.4%, –7.8%) |
| Male | 34.1 (31.4, 37.2) | 31.1 (28.1, 34.3) | –0.3% (–0.4%, –0.3%) | –9% (–10.5%, –7.7%) |
| Socio-demographic index | ||||
| High SDI | 54 (51.8, 56.5) | 39.5 (36.6, 42.6) | 0.1% (0%, 0.1%) | –26.9% (–29.5%, –24.4%) |
| High-middle SDI | 39 (36.3, 42.1) | 37.8 (34.9, 41) | –1.1% (–1.2%, –1%) | –3.2% (–4.3%, –2.1%) |
| Middle SDI | 29.9 (26.8, 33.2) | 32.2 (29.2, 35.5) | 0.2% (0.1%, 0.3%) | 7.7% (6.5%, 9.1%) |
| Low-middle SDI | 23.9 (20.9, 27.2) | 25.8 (22.8, 29) | 0.3% (0.2%, 0.5%) | 7.9% (6.5%, 9.5%) |
| Low SDI | 19.8 (16.8, 23) | 21.8 (18.8, 25.1) | 0.2% (0.1%, 0.4%) | 10.3% (8.5%, 12.4%) |
| Geographic regions | ||||
| Andean Latin America | 31.1 (28, 34.5) | 34.3 (31.2, 37.7) | 0.4% (0.3%, 0.5%) | 10.2% (7.1%, 13.9%) |
| Australasia | 50 (47.2, 52.8) | 48.6 (45.6, 51.5) | 0% (–0.1%, 0%) | –2.7% (–6.2%, 0.7%) |
| Caribbean | 30.9 (27.9, 34.2) | 32.5 (29.4, 35.7) | 0.2% (0.1%, 0.3%) | 5% (3%, 7%) |
| Central Asia | 31.1 (28, 34.4) | 32.9 (29.9, 36.2) | 0.1% (0.1%, 0.2%) | 5.6% (3.7%, 7.8%) |
| Central Europe | 48.5 (45.8, 51.4) | 44.1 (41.2, 47.1) | –0.4% (–0.4%, –0.4%) | –9% (–10.7%, –7.2%) |
| Central Latin America | 34.5 (31.4, 37.7) | 38.4 (35.4, 41.4) | 0.4% (0.3%, 0.5%) | 11.3% (8.5%, 14.6%) |
| Central Sub-Saharan Africa | 21.2 (18.1, 24.5) | 21.8 (18.8, 25.3) | 0% (–0.1%, 0.2%) | 2.9% (0%, 6%) |
| East Asia | 29.2 (26.1, 32.5) | 32.3 (29.3, 35.6) | 0.4% (0.3%, 0.4%) | 10.5% (9%, 12.5%) |
| Eastern Europe | 48 (45.4, 50.9) | 47.3 (44.4, 50.2) | –0.1% (–0.1%, –0.1%) | –1.6% (–4.7%, 1.5%) |
| Eastern Sub-Saharan Africa | 16.8 (13.9, 19.9) | 19 (16.1, 22.2) | 0.4% (0.1%, 0.6%) | 13.1% (10.7%, 16.4%) |
| High-income Asia Pacific | 37.3 (34.4, 40.4) | 39.5 (36.6, 42.7) | –2.6% (–2.8%, –2.4%) | 5.9% (2.8%, 9%) |
| High-income North America | 64.7 (62.5, 67) | 31.9 (28.8, 35.2) | –0.1% (–0.2%, –0.1%) | –50.7% (–54.7%, –46.7%) |
| North Africa and Middle East | 33.1 (30.1, 36.4) | 35 (32, 38.2) | 0.2% (0.1%, 0.3%) | 5.5% (4.3%, 7.1%) |
| Oceania | 29 (25.9, 32.4) | 30 (26.9, 33.4) | 0% (–0.1%, 0.1%) | 3.3% (0.6%, 6.5%) |
| South Asia | 22 (19, 25.3) | 23.8 (20.7, 27) | 0.2% (0.1%, 0.4%) | 7.9% (6.5%, 9.7%) |
| Southeast Asia | 30.3 (27.3, 33.5) | 32.1 (29.1, 35.3) | 0.2% (0%, 0.3%) | 5.8% (4.3%, 7.7%) |
| Southern Latin America | 37.1 (33.9, 40.5) | 41.3 (38.3, 44.4) | 0.4% (0.3%, 0.4%) | 11.2% (7.7%, 14.8%) |
| Southern Sub-Saharan Africa | 23.3 (20.2, 26.6) | 25.7 (22.6, 28.9) | 0.4% (0.2%, 0.5%) | 10.3% (6.6%, 14.6%) |
| Tropical Latin America | 40.3 (36.9, 43.7) | 45 (41.8, 48.2) | 0.4% (0.4%, 0.4%) | 11.8% (7%, 17.1%) |
| Western Europe | 54.3 (51.9, 56.7) | 45.6 (42.9, 48.5) | –0.8% (–0.8%, –0.7%) | –16% (–17.8%, –14.2%) |
| Western Sub-Saharan Africa | 21.9 (19, 25.1) | 23.4 (20.5, 26.7) | 0.2% (0.1%, 0.3%) | 6.7% (4.1%, 9.6%) |
DALY, disability-adjusted life year; ASR, age-standardized rate; UI, uncertainty interval; CI, confidence interval; EAPC, estimated annual percentage change; SEV, summary exposure value; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol.