Table A1.
Full Table 2: Description of feeding practices and health variables of children living within institution‐based care in six countries at baseline and 1‐year screening
| Feeding profile | All children at baseline | All children at 1 year | Children without disabilities at baseline | Children without disabilities at 1 year | Children with disabilities at baseline | Children with disabilities at 1 year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Feeding method, n (%)a | N = 3335 | N = 1909 | N = 2578 | N = 1385 | N = 757 | N = 524 |
| Fed with bottle | 1398 (41.9) | 525 (27.5) | 1028 (39.9) | 327 (23.6) | 370 (48.9) | 198 (37.8) |
| Selfâ€fed | 1727 (51.8) | 1046 (54.8) | 1469 (57) | 830 (59.9) | 258 (34.1) | 216 (41.2) |
| Fed with cup | 930 (27.9) | 650 (34.1) | 804 (31.2) | 504 (36.4) | 126 (16.6) | 146 (27.9) |
| Spoon fed | 1,123 (33.7) | 957 (50.1) | 811 (31.5) | 628 (45.3) | 312 (41.2) | 329 (62.8) |
| Tube fed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Fed with adaptive utensils | 32 (1.0) | 21 (1.1) | 15 (.6) | 2 (0.1) | 17 (2.3) | 19 (3.6) |
| Breastfed | 9 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 7 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.3) | 0 |
| Feed type, n (%)a | ||||||
| Formula | 1488 (44.6) | 467 (24.5) | 1108 (43) | 316 (22.8) | 380 (50.2) | 151 (28.8) |
| Solid foods | 1993 (59.8) | 1314 (68.8) | 1578 (61.2) | 951 (68.7) | 415 (54.8) | 363 (69.3) |
| Animal milk | 803 (24.1) | 584 (30.6) | 659 (25.6) | 402 (29.0) | 144 (19.0) | 182 (34.7) |
| Rice cereal | 445 (13.3) | 534 (28) | 306 (11.9) | 339 (24.5) | 139 (18.4) | 195 (37.2) |
| Breast milk | 11 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 9 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.3) | 0 |
| Special diet | 77 (2.3) | 53 (2.8) | 38 (1.5) | 19 (1.4) | 39 (5.2) | 34 (6.5) |
| Feeding difficulty, n (%) | ||||||
| Feeding issue present | 378 (11.3) | 243 (12.7) | 153 (5.9) | 83 (6.0) | 225 (29.7) | 160 (30.5) |
| Aspiration | 14 (0.4) | 11 (0.6) | 0 | 2 (0.1) | 14 (1.9) | 9 (1.7) |
| Difficulty sucking | 27 (0.8) | 16 (0.8) | 4 (0.2) | 0 | 23 (3.0) | 16 (3.1) |
| Cough/chokes during feeding | 57 (1.7) | 25 (1.3) | 17 (0.7) | 0 | 40 (5.3) | 25 (4.8) |
| Difficulty feeding self (>1 year) | 119 (3.6) | 103 (5.4) | 8 (0.3) | 18 (1.3) | 111 (14.7) | 85 (16.2) |
| Reflux/heartburn | 6 (0.2) | 5 (0.3) | 2 (0.1) | 0 | 4 (0.5) | 5 (1.0) |
| Poor appetite | 111 (3.3) | 82 (4.3) | 72 (2.8) | 47 (3.4) | 39 (5.2) | 35 (6.7) |
| Frequent vomiting/spitting up | 19 (0.6) | 8 (0.4) | 7 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 12 (1.6) | 7 (1.3) |
| Difficulty drinking from a cup (>1 year) | 53 (1.6) | 43 (2.3) | 2 (0.1) | 3 (0.2) | 51 (6.7) | 40 (7.6) |
| Difficulty swallowing | 63 (1.9) | 50 (2.6) | 3 (0.1) | 0 | 60 (7.9) | 50 (9.5) |
| Difficulty chewing | 91 (2.7) | 82 (4.3) | 8 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 83 (11.0) | 81 (15.5) |
| Picky eater | 69 (2.1) | 44 (2.3) | 35 (1.4) | 19 (1.4) | 34 (4.5) | 25 (4.8) |
| Food allergy/intolerance | 14 (0.4) | 8 (0.4) | 10 (0.4) | 5 (0.4) | 4 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) |
| Bad teeth (> 1 year) | 22 (0.7) | 24 (1.3) | 9 (0.4) | 4 (0.3) | 13 (1.7) | 20 (3.8) |
| Other | 5 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 0 | 3 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) |
| Supplements, n (%)a | ||||||
| Currently taking food supplements | 225 (6.8) | 42 (2.2) | 157 (6.1) | 15 (1.1) | 68 (9.0) | 27 (5.2) |
| Currently taking mineral/vitamin supplements | 1626 (48.8) | 847 (44.4) | 1176 (45.6) | 572 (41.3) | 450 (59.5) | 275 (52.5) |
| Complete multivitamin | 219 (6.6) | 232 (12.2) | 164 (6.4) | 177 (12.8) | 55 (7.3) | 55 (10.5) |
| Vitamin A | 231 (6.9) | 192 (10.1) | 148 (5.7) | 123 (8.9) | 83 (11) | 69 (13.2) |
| Vitamin B12 | 191 (5.7) | 123 (6.4) | 132 (5.1) | 64 (4.6) | 59 (7.8) | 59 (11.3) |
| Zinc | 206 (6.2) | 89 (4.7) | 168 (6.5) | 56 (4.0) | 38 (5.0) | 33 (6.3) |
| Lysine | 30 (0.9) | 15 (0.8) | 30 (1.2) | 14 (1.0) | 0 | 1 (0.2) |
| Iron | 271 (8.1) | 109 (5.7) | 242 (9.4) | 83 (6.0) | 29 (3.8) | 26 (27.1) |
| Vitamin C | 960 (28.8) | 517 (27.1) | 733 (28.4) | 324 (23.4) | 227 (30.0) | 193 (36.8) |
| Vitamin B complex | 247 (7.4) | 146 (7.7) | 166 (6.4) | 72 (5.2) | 81 (10.7) | 74 (14.1) |
| Calcium | 801 (24.0) | 213 (11.2) | 542 (21.0) | 117 (8.5) | 259 (34.2) | 96 (18.3) |
| Fish oil/omega 3/EPA/DHA | 1 (0.03) | 3 (0.2) | 0 | 3 (0.2) | 1 (0.03) | 0 |
| Vitamin D | 775 (23.2) | 264 (13.8) | 512 (19.9) | 161 (11.6) | 263 (34.7) | 103 (19.7) |
| Folate | 102 (3.1) | 101 (5.3) | 84 (3.3) | 49 (3.5) | 18 (2.4) | 52 (9.9) |
| Probiotics | 12 (0.4) | 5 (0.3) | 12 (0.5) | 5 (0.4) | 0 | 0 |
| Other | 238 (7.1) | 147 (7.7) | 196 (7.6) | 104 (7.5) | 42 (5.6) | 43 (8.2) |
| Illnesses/symptoms, n (%)a | ||||||
| Fever | 438 (13.1) | 193 (10.1) | 295 (11.4) | 121 (8.7) | 143 (18.9) | 72 (13.7) |
| Constipation | 40 (1.2) | 13 (0.7) | 22 (0.9) | 0 | 18 (2.4) | 13 (2.5) |
| Diarrhoea | 172 (5.2) | 40 (2.1) | 116 (4.5) | 23 (1.7) | 56 (7.4) | 17 (3.2) |
| Nausea/vomiting | 163 (4.9) | 32 (1.7) | 111 (4.3) | 20 (1.5) | 52 (6.9) | 12 (2.3) |
| Cough/cold | 722 (21.6) | 395 (20.7) | 489 (19.0) | 222 (16.2) | 233 (30.8) | 173 (33.0) |
| Hospital | 135 (4.0) | 45 (2.4) | 64 (2.5) | 26 (1.9) | 71 (9.4) | 19 (3.6) |
| Anaemia status, n (%) | N = 2828 | N = 1511 | N = 2167 | N = 1101 | N = 661 | N = 410 |
| None | 2065 (73.0) | 1314 (87.0) | 1604 (74.0) | 969 (88.0) | 461 (69.7) | 345 (84.2) |
| Mild | 438 (15.5) | 136 (9.0) | 346 (16.0) | 102 (9.3) | 92 (13.9) | 34 (8.3) |
| Moderate | 307 (10.9) | 59 (3.9) | 212 (9.8) | 30 (2.7) | 95 (14.4) | 29 (7.1) |
| Severe | 18 (0.6) | 2 (0.1) | 5 (0.2) | 0 | 13 (2.0) | 2 (0.5) |
| Body mass index for age z‐score, n (%) | N = 3113 | N = 1790 | N = 2408 | N = 1312 | N = 705 | N = 478 |
| Risk of overweight or obesity (>+1 SD to ≤5) | 361 (11.6) | 226 (12.6) | 286 (11.9) | 172 (13.1) | 75 (10.6) | 54 (11.3) |
| Normal weight (−2 to +1 SD) | 2305 (74.0) | 1404 (78.4) | 1882 (78.2) | 1051 (80.1) | 423 (60.0) | 353 (73.9) |
| Thin/underweight (<−2 to −3 SD) | 291 (9.4) | 119 (6.7) | 175 (7.3) | 73 (5.6) | 116 (16.5) | 46 (9.6) |
| Severe thinness/underweight (<−3 to ≥−5 SD) | 156 (5.0) | 41 (2.3) | 65 (2.7) | 16 (1.2) | 91 (12.9) | 25 (5.2) |
a
Not mutually exclusive variables.