Table A3.
Infants bottle‐feeding behaviour observations at baseline and evaluation
| Bottle‐feeding behaviour observations | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 11 observations | 33 observations | Fisher's exact (two‐sided) p‐value | Qualitative summary | |
| Baseline | Evaluation | Length of feeding: 5–30 min | ||
| n/N (%) | n/N (%) | |||
| Caregiver cleans hands before feeding using hand sanitiser or hot, soapy water | 0/4 (0) | 5/19 (26.3) | 0.539 | Limited handwashing observed; frequent bottle propping of infants; frequent cut nipples on bottles; cereal or porridge added to bottles; limited adaptive bottles or bottles for premature infants; feeding on only schedule; hunger cues not observed by caregivers; multiple children fed at the same time; limited or no burping observed and children laid down after meals; environments were calm, quiet and appropriately lit |
| Caregiver properly positions infant in a semi‐upright/upright position in their arms for feeding | 5/8 (45.5) | 14/19 (73.7) | 0.658 | |
| Caregiver offers only formula or milk in the bottle | 9/11 (81) | 30/33 (90) | 0.586 | |
| Caregiver does not mix rice cereal and formula in the bottle | 7/10 (70) | 26/29 (89.7) | 0.049 | |
| Caregiver does not cut large holes in bottle nipples | 7/10 (70) | 25/29 (86.2) | 3.44 | |
| Caregiver uses adaptive bottles when appropriate | 2/6 (30) | 4/11 (36) | 1 | |
| Caregiver feeds infant on demand | 9/10 (90) | 7/16 (43.8) | 0.037 | |
| Caregiver checks milk temperature before feeding an infant | 6/7 (85.7) | 13/22 (59) | 0.367 | |
| Caregiver feeds one infant at a time | 8/11 (72) | 24/31 (77.4) | 1 | |
| Caregiver does not share bottle or formula among multiple infants | 8/10 (80) | 26/26 (100) | 0.071 | |
| Caregiver burps infant before lying down or keeps an infant in a semi‐upright/upright position for at least 15 min following feeding | 6/8 (75) | 11/27 (40.7) | 0.121 | |
| Caregiver cleans hands after feeding using hand sanitiser or hot, soapy water | 2/5 (40) | 1/15 (6) | 0.140 | |