Table 3.
Treatment characteristics and results.
| Study number | Treatment type (comparison treatment) | Sample size (N analysed) | Dropout between treatment commencement and cessation (%) | Treatment duration (months) | Sample not responded (%) | Determination of response |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MBT | 71 | 27.66 | 18.0 | 22.0 | No longer meeting criteria for BPD |
| (SCM) | 63 | 25.40 | 18.0 | 56.0 | ||
| 2 | IPT-BPD + fluoxetine | 22 | 18.52 | 8.0 | 45.5 | A 50% reduction on the BPD-SI total score and a score of 1 very much improved or 2 much improved on the CGI |
| 3 | DBT | 8 | 20.00 | 6.0 | 100.0 | No longer meeting criteria for BPD |
| 4 | STEPPS | 52 | 0.00 | 5.0 | 58.6 | A 25% or greater reduction on the BEST score |
| 5 | CT | 29 | 9.38 | 12.0 | 48.0 | No longer meeting criteria for BPD |
| 6 | SFT – facilitators untrained in group SFT | 8 | 37.50 | 24 | 81.3 | Achieving a BPDSI-IV score of less than 15 and maintaining this score until the last assessment |
| (SFT – facilitators trained by specialists in group SFT) | 10 | 40.00 | 24 | 33.5 | ||
| 7 | DBT-ER | 7 | 16.66 | 2 | 43.0 | Reaching RCI on the PAI-BOR |
| (DBT-IE) | 6 | 16.66 | 2 | 40.0 | ||
| (Psycho-ed control group) | 6 | 0.00 | 2 | 60.0 | ||
| 8 | TFP | 43 | 38.50 | 12 | 48.8 | No longer meeting criteria for BPD |
| (TAU) | 29 | 67.30 | 12 | 72.6 | ||
| 9 | DBT-M | 32 | 41.00 | 2.5 | 60.0 | Reaching RCI on the BSL-23 |
| (DBT-IE) | 32 | 19.00 | 2.5 | 87.0 | ||
| 10 | SFT-G + TAU | 16 | 0.00 | 8 | 6.0 | No longer meeting criteria for BPD using the DIB-R |
| (TAU) | 12 | 25.00 | 8 | 75.0 | ||
| 11 | SFT | 44 | 26.67 | 36 | 43.1 | Reaching RCI on the BPDSI-IV |
| (TFP) | 42 | 51.16 | 36 | 57.1 | ||
| 12 | ERGI + TAU | 12 | 8 | 3.5 | 50.0 | Reaching RCI on the BEST. |
| 13 | DDP | 15 | 33.00 | 12 | 10.0 | A 25% reduction in BEST scores |
| (TAU) | 15 | 40.00 | 12 | 62.0 | ||
| 14 | DDP | 27 | 33.33 | 12 | 11.0 | A 25% reduction in BEST scores |
| (DBT) | 25 | 64.00 | 12 | 33.0 | ||
| (TAU) | 16 | 69.00 | 12 | 60.00 | ||
| 15 | DBT | 15 | 18.52 | 12 | 73.0 | Reaching RCI on the borderline subscale of the KABOSS-S |
| 16 | MBT | 39 | 32.76 | 18 | 48.0 | No longer meeting criteria for BPD |
| (SGT) | 19 | 29.63 | 18 | 59.0 | ||
| 17 | DBT | 10 | 23.08 | 6 | 30.0 | No longer meeting criteria for BPD |
| (TAU) | 10 | 16.66 | 6 | 50.0 | ||
| 18 | DBT | 1423 | 10.00 | 3 | 55.0 | Reaching RCI on the BSL |
| 19 | UP | 8 | 11.11 | 6 | 37.5 | No longer meeting criteria for BPD |
| 20 | DBT – young people only | 19 | 20.80 | 12 | 31.6 | Reaching RCI on the BSL-23 |
| (DBT – grouped with older adults) | 11 | 15.40 | 12 | 9.1 | ||
| 21 | Psychodynamic therapy | 30 | 22.92 | 12 | 70.0 | No longer meeting criteria for BPD |
| 22 | MACT | 7 | 56.00 | 1.5 | 29.0 | Reaching RCI on the PAI-BOR |
| 23 | SFT + crisis phone support | 30 | 21.88 | 18 | 48.4 | Reaching RCI on the BPDSI-IV |
| (SFT without crisis phone support) | 31 | 20.00 | 18 | 36.7 | ||
| 24 | Long-term non-manualised psychotherapy | 23 | 28.00 | 18 | 38.0 | No longer meeting criteria for BPD |
| 25 | DBT | 34 | 32.00 | 6 | 41.0 | Reaching RCI and CSC on the BSL-23 |
| 26 | CAT | 27 | 12.90 | 7 | 48.0 | No longer meeting criteria for BPD using the Personality Assessment Schedule |
| 27 | Psychodynamic therapy | 28 | 25.00 | 7.5 | 67.7 | No longer meeting criteria for BPD |
| 28 | Psychodynamic therapy | 30 | 16.67 | 12 | 70.0 | No longer criteria for BPD |
| Means | 56.65 (213.87) SUM = 2436 |
26.54 (16.67) | 11.50 (8.09) | 48.80 (22.77) | RCI: 19 (53.57%) Criteria: 13 (46.43%) |
%: percentage; BEST: borderline evaluation of severity over time; BPDSI-IV: DSM-IV based structured interview for Borderline Personality Disorder; BPD-SI: Borderline Personality Disorder Severity Index; BSL and BSL-23: borderline symptoms list; CAT: cognitive analytic therapy; CGI: clinical global impression; CT: cognitive therapy; DBT: dialectical behaviour therapy; DBT-ER: emotion regulation module from DBT; DBT-IE: interpersonal effectiveness module from DBT; DBT-M: mindfulness module from DBT; DDP: dynamic deconstructive psychotherapy; ERGI: Emotion Regulation Group Intervention; Fluoxetine: antidepressant; IPT-BPD: interpersonal therapy for borderline personality disorder; MACT: manual assisted cognitive therapy; MBT: mentalisation-based therapy; SCM: structured clinical management; SGT: supportive group therapy; SFT: schema-focused therapy; SFT-G: Schema Focused Therapy Group; STEPPS: systems training for emotional predictability and problem solving; TAU: treatment as usual; TFP: transference-focused psychotherapy; UP: the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders.