TABLE 1.
Summary of studies included in the meta-analysis.
| Study | Country | Nature of study | Initial infection | Sample size (n =) |
Age at onset(months) |
Risk factors considered | Study quality (NOS) | ||
| PIBO group | Control group | PIBO group | Control group | ||||||
| Yu et al. (13) | China | Retrospective | Severe ADV pneumonia | 20 | 46 | 16.5 (11,25.25) * | 30.5 (17, 50.75) | Male, premature birth, a history of wheezing, wheezing, hypoxemia, pulmonary consolidation, atelectasis, pleural effusion, co-infection of bacteria, use of glucocorticoids, use of γ-globulin, mechanical ventilation | 8 |
| Lee et al. (14) | Korea | Retrospective | MPP | 18 | 132 | 57.6 ± 31.2 | 73.2 ± 46.8 | Age, male, allergic rhinitis | 8 |
| Colom et al. (15) | Argentina | Case-control | Bronchiolitis | 109 | 99 | 6 (1–26)** | 5 (1–20) | Male, mechanical ventilation | 9 |
| Castro-Rodriguez et al. (16) | Chile | Prospective | ADV pneumonia | 18 | 20 | 12.5 ± 10.3 | 13.4 ± 15.5 | Age, male, rhinitis, a history of wheezing, wheezing, tachypnea, mechanical ventilation, use of glucocorticoids | 8 |
| Li et al. (17) | China | Nested case-control | ADV pneumonia | 29 | 73 | 27.7 ± 19.5 | 40.9 ± 21.1 | Age, male, allergic rhinitis, wheezing, tachypnea, pulmonary consolidation, atelectasis, pleural effusion, co-infection of bacteria | 9 |
| Dai et al. (18) | China | Case-control | ADV pneumonia | 37 | 229 | 12 (8, 17.5)* | 32 (13, 48) | Male, premature birth, a history of wheezing, wheezing, tachypnea, hypoxemia, co-infection of bacteria | 8 |
| Li et al. (19) | China | Retrospective | ADV pneumonia | 98 | 108 | 18.28 ± 15.17 | 26.98 ± 28.72 | Age, male, a history of wheezing | 8 |
| Wu et al. (20) | China | Retrospective | ADV infection | 14 | 530 | 15.5 (6–72)** | 23.5 (1–144) | Male, premature birth, use of glucocorticoids, use of γ-globulin, mechanical ventilation | 8 |
| Zhong et al. (21) | China | Retrospective | Severe ADV pneumonia | 34 | 105 | 15.1 (7.2)*** | 20.5 (14.6) | Male, premature birth, pulmonary consolidation, atelectasis, pleural effusion, co-infection of bacteria, use of glucocorticoids, use of γ-globulin, mechanical ventilation | 8 |
*Data are shown as median (Q1 and Q3).
**Data are shown as median (range).
***Data are shown as median (interquartile range).
PIBO, post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans; NOS, Newcastle–Ottawa Scale; ADV, adenovirus; MPP, mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.
Age of the sample is reported as mean (SD) and range, when reported.