TABLE 2.
Summary of risk factors for post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO).
| Risk factors | Number of studies | Odd ratio (95% CI) | p-Value | Effect model | Heterogeneity |
|||
| Chi-squared | p-Value | I2 (%) | ||||||
| Male | 9 | 1.52 (1.14, 2.01) | 0.004 | F | 3.96 | 0.86 | 0 | |
| Premature birth | 4 | 1.50 (0.66, 3.43) | 0.330 | F | 3.49 | 0.32 | 14 | |
| Comorbidities | A history of wheezing | 4 | 2.22 (1.36, 3.63) | 0.002 | F | 2.38 | 0.50 | 0 |
| Allergic rhinitis | 3 | 1.60 (0.38, 6.70) | 0.520 | R | 9.86 | 0.007 | 80 | |
| Clinical manifestations | Wheezing | 4 | 7.73 (2.73, 21.93) | 0.000 | R | 8.26 | 0.04 | 64 |
| Tachypnea | 3 | 10.14 (2.66, 38.74) | 0.000 | R | 9.56 | 0.008 | 79 | |
| Hypoxemia | 2 | 21.54 (10.00, 46.36) | 0.000 | F | 0.01 | 0.92 | 0 | |
| Imaging findings | Pulmonary consolidation | 3 | 1.20 (0.66, 2.19) | 0.550 | F | 3.76 | 0.15 | 47 |
| Atelectasis | 3 | 1.25 (0.46, 3.38) | 0.670 | R | 4.89 | 0.09 | 59 | |
| Pleural effusion | 3 | 0.65 (0.34, 1.25) | 0.200 | F | 1.32 | 0.52 | 0 | |
| Co-infection of bacteria | 4 | 2.23 (1.40, 3.53) | 0.000 | F | 3.40 | 0.32 | 12 | |
| Treatment | Use of glucocorticoids | 4 | 4.46 (1.26, 15.79) | 0.020 | R | 6.90 | 0.03 | 71 |
| Use of γ-globulin | 3 | 4.77 (2.34, 9.73) | 0.000 | F | 2.16 | 0.34 | 7 | |
| Mechanical ventilation | 5 | 14.61 (7.53, 28.35) | 0.000 | F | 0.56 | 0.91 | 0 | |
CI, confidence interval; R, random; F, fixed.