Table 3.

Show of associations between school climate, student characteristics and behaviour problems.

School climate and student characteristics	Behaviour problems
	Offending	Misconduct	Victimisation	Avoidance	Feelings of safety
Respect for students	NA	NA	NA	NA	PA
School planning and action	NE	NE	NA	NE	PA
Fairness of rules	NA	NA	NA	NA	PA
Clarity of rules	NA	NA	NA	NA	PA
Student influence:	NA	NA	NE	PA	PA
Age	PA	NE	NA	NA	PA
Race (majority of students are non-white)	PA	PA	NA	NE	NE
Gender (majority of students are female)	NE	NA	NA	NA	PA
Involvement in school activities	PA	PA	PA	PA	NA
Positive peer associations	NA	NA	NA	NA	PA
Belief in school rules	NA	NA	NA	NA	PA

PA, positive association; NA, negative association; NE, no effect.