Table 1.
Reversible proteasome foci induced by different stress factors
| Name | Stress factor | Organism | Localization | Composition | Methods | Disassembly | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| JUNQ | proteasome inhibition | Y, M | NE | proteasome, poly-Ub proteins | FLIP, FRAP | proteasome activation | (78) |
| Foci | high glucose, hyperosmotic shock | M | N | proteasome, poly-Ub proteins, orphan ribosomal proteins, RAD23B | TEM, cryo-ET, FRAP, LLPS | isoosmosis, DUB | (76) |
| SIPAN | amino acid starvation | M | N | proteasome, poly-Ub proteins, RAD23B | Immuno-gold TEM, FRAP, LLPS | amino acids, DUB | (75) |
| p62 foci | heat, oxidation, inhibition of nuclear export by Crm1/Xpo1 | M | N | core: p62, poly-Ub proteins, orphan proteasomal subunits; shell: proteasome, E1, E2, E3 ubiquitination cascade |
FRAP, LLPS | (77) | |
| PSG | glucose starvation | Y | C | proteasome, ubiquitin | Immuno-gold EM | glucose, ATP | (20, 90) |
Abbreviations: C, cytoplasm; cryo-ET, cryo-electron tomography; FLIP, fluorescence loss in photobleaching; FRAP, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching; M, mammals; N, nucleus; NE, nuclear envelope; TEM, transmission electron microscopy; Y, yeast.