TABLE 1.
Demographic and clinical parameters of pSS and healthy controls on study entry.
| pSS (n = 60) | Controls (n = 61) | P-value | |
| Age, mean ± SD years | 53.5 ± 14.5 | 49.0 ± 15.9 | 0.213 |
| Female/male | 57/3 | 57/4 | 0.716 |
| Disease duration, mean ± SD months | 59.9 ± 89.5 | NA | NA |
| Constitutional symptoms(±) | 19/41 | NA | NA |
| Lymphadenopathy(±) | 25/35 | NA | NA |
| Glandular swelling(±) | 13/47 | NA | NA |
| Arthritis (±) | 12/48 | NA | NA |
| Cutaneous involvement(±) | 7/53 | NA | NA |
| Lung involvement (±) | 15/45 | NA | NA |
| Renal involvement (±) | 3/57 | NA | NA |
| Peripheral neuropathy(±) | 2/58 | NA | NA |
| Hematologic disorder(±) | 44/16 | NA | NA |
| Biopsy focus score (number of lymphocytic foci/4 mm2) | 2.2 ± 1.4 | NA | NA |
| Anti-SSA(%) | 42/18 | NA | NA |
| Anti-SSB(%) | 26/34 | NA | NA |
| IgG, mg/dL | 1863 ± 681.1 | NA | NA |
| ESR, mean ± SD mm/h | 36.6 ± 26.9 | NA | NA |
| RF, mean ± SD U/L | 168.8 ± 469.4 | NA | NA |
| C3, mean ± SD mg/dl | 96.6 ± 23.3 | NA | NA |
| C4, mean ± SD mg/dl | 18.5 ± 8.3 | NA | NA |
| ESSDAI scores, mean ± SD | 4.5 ± 3.0 | NA | NA |
| PD-1+CXCR5–CD4+T cells (Tph)/CD4+T cells (%) | 7.53 ± 6.65 | 3.08 ± 1.31 | < 0.0001 |
| PD-1+CXCR5+CD4+T cells (Tfh)/CD4+T cells (%) | 3.42 ± 2.35 | 1.25 ± 0.56 | < 0.0001 |
NA: not applicable; IgG, 700-1600mg/dl; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate, normal range 0–20mm/h; RF, rheumatoid factor, normal range 0–20 U/L; C3, normal range 58–160 mg/dL; C4, normal range 7–49 mg/dL; ESSDAI, EULAR Sjögren’s syndrome disease activity index.