Table 2.

Hypertension-Related MMRs (per 100 000 Live Births) for Selected Maternal Ages, Periods, and Maternal Birth Cohorts: United States 1979 to 2018

	All women	White women	Black women
Maternal age, y	MMR (95% CI) per 100 000 live births
15	1.5 (1.1–1.9)	1.1 (0.8–1.6)	2.1 (1.4–3.1)
20	1.3 (1.1–1.6)	1.0 (0.8–1.2)	2.6 (2.0–3.4)
25	1.3 (1.1–1.5)	0.9 (0.7–1.1)	3.4 (2.6–4.5)
30	1.7 (1.4–2.0)	1.2 (0.9–1.5)	6.3 (4.8–8.4)
35	2.3 (2.0–2.8)	1.7 (1.3–2.1)	8.1 (6.1–10.9)
40	6.3 (5.2–7.6)	4.6 (3.6–5.9)	20.6 (15.4–27.7)
45	22.7 (17.9–28.9)	17.4 (12.6–24.0)	69.3 (47.8–100.4)
49	63.3 (45.8–87.6)	50.2 (32.3–78.1)	182.4 (111.6–298.3)
Year of death	Adjusted rate ratio (95% CI) of MMR
1980	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
1990	0.70 (0.58–0.84)	0.69 (0.53–0.89)	0.65 (0.48–0.88)
2000	0.78 (0.66–0.92)	0.78 (0.63–0.98)	0.76 (0.58–0.99)
2010	0.80 (0.68–0.95)	0.75 (0.60–0.94)	0.83 (0.64–1.09)
2018	0.86 (0.70–1.05)	0.83 (0.63–1.10)	0.89 (0.65–1.22)
Birth cohort, y	Adjusted rate ratio (95% CI) of MMR
1930	1.33 (0.84–2.10)	1.27 (0.68–2.35)	1.08 (0.54–2.16)
1940	1.19 (0.89–1.60)	1.17 (0.79–1.73)	1.04 (0.66–1.63)
1950	1.07 (0.94–1.22)	1.07 (0.90–1.27)	0.99 (0.81–1.23)
1960	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)	1.00 (reference)
1970	1.28 (1.13–1.46)	1.22 (1.03–1.45)	1.47 (1.19–1.83)
1980	1.17 (1.05–1.31)	1.13 (0.97–1.32)	1.20 (1.01–1.42)
1990	0.90 (0.80–1.01)	0.89 (0.74–1.05)	0.88 (0.75–1.04)
2000	0.69 (0.52–0.91)	0.69 (0.46–1.04)	0.63 (0.41–0.97)

The MMRs by age are for the reference period 1980 and are not adjusted for other factors. The rate ratios for period and birth cohorts are adjusted for the effects of maternal age. MMR indicates maternal mortality rate; and y, years.