Table 1.
Demographic information, presence of psychiatric disorders and drug usage at the moment of the visit in healthy controls and participants with 22q11DS. For the IQ measurements we used Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–III (Watkins, 2006) for participants younger than 18 and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–III (Wechsler, 1955) for the others. To assess the presence of psychiatric disorders we used Clinical interview with the patients using the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents Revised (Reich, 2000), the psychosis supplement from the Kiddie-Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia Present and Lifetime version (Kaufman et al., 1997) and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorder (First et al., 1997). SD, standard deviation; NA, not available.
| Demographic variables | 22q11DS | Healthy controls | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects (F/M) | 57 (31/26) | 58 (31/27) | 0.93 |
| Scanner type: Prisma-fit/Trio | 3/54 | 4/54 | 0.71 |
| Average age (SD) | 21.38 (3.7) | 20.93 (4.2) | 0.54 |
| Average IQ (SD) | 72.86 (12.93) | 112.16 (12.81) | <0.001 |
| Average frame-wise displacement after scrubbing (SD) | 0.17 (0.06) | 0.12 (0.04) | <0.001 |
| Anxiety disorder (%) | 31 (54.4%) | 0 | NA |
| Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (%) | 8 (14%) | 0 | NA |
| Mood disorder (%) | 10 (17.5%) | 0 | NA |
| Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (%) | 5 (8.8%) | 0 | NA |
| More than one psychiatric comorbidity (%) | 13 (22.8) | 0 | NA |
| Anticonvulsants (%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0 | NA |
| Antidepressants (%) | 2 (3.5%) | 0 | NA |
| Neuroleptic (%) | 8 (14%) | 0 | NA |
| Psychostimulant (%) | 19 (33.33%) | 0 | NA |
| Anxiolytic (%) | 3 (5.2%) | 0 | NA |