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. 2022 Jun 11;11:100180. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2022.100180

Table 1.

Characteristics of surveyed parents and their teens, and factors by rural residency, Minnesota and Wisconsin, 2019.

All Rural Urban Pa
Total 536 267 269
State 0.9
Minnesota 271 (51) 134 (50) 137 (11)
Wisconsin 265 (49) 133 (50) 132 (49)
Parent characteristics
Parent ageb 0.0003
<40 years 86 (16) 59 (22) 27 (10)
40–49 years 303 (58) 147 (56) 156 (59)
≥50 years 138 (26) 57 (22) 81 (31)
Parent sex 0.4
Male 120 (22) 56 (21) 64 (24)
Female 416 (78) 211 (79) 205 (76)
Parent race/ethnicityb 0.001
Non-Hispanic White 462 (88) 242 (92) 220 (83)
Other 65 (12) 20 (8) 45 (17)
Parent educationb 0.0002
High school or less 63 (12) 38 (14) 25 (9)
Some college/Associate or technical degree/ Bachelor degree 334 (63) 179 (68) 155 (58)
Graduate or advanced degree 135 (25) 47 (18) 88 (33)
Parent religious service attendance 0.2
Never 129 (24) 56 (21) 73 (27)
≥1 time per month 354 (66) 186 (70) 168 (62)
Missing 53 (10) 25 (9) 28 (10)
Household characteristics
Number of children in householdb <0.0001
1 142 (27) 66 (25) 76 (28)
2–3 324 (61) 148 (56) 176 (66)
≥4 68 (13) 52 (20) 16 (6)
Household income <0.0001
<$75,000 166 (31) 108 (40) 58 (22)
≥$75,000 305 (57) 131 (49) 174 (65)
Missing 65 (12) 28 (10) 37 (14)
Teen characteristics
Agec 0.9
13 years 137 (26) 65 (24) 72 (27)
14 years 189 (35) 95 (36) 94 (35)
15 years 174 (32) 88 (33) 86 (32)
16 years 36 (7) 19 (7) 17 (6)
Sexb 0.1
Male 265 (50) 123 (46) 142 (53)
Female 270 (50) 143 (54) 127 (47)
Race/Ethnicityb 0.0006
Non-Hispanic White 446 (84) 237 (89) 209 (79)
Other 85 (16) 28 (11) 57 (21)
Public health insuranced 0.02
Yes 106 (20) 64 (24) 42 (16)
No 430 (80) 203 (76) 227 (84)
School typeb 0.003
Public 465 (87) 237 (89) 228 (85)
Private 48 (9) 14 (5) 34 (13)
Home school/Online 20 (4) 14 (5) 6 (2)
Well-child visit at age 11 or 12 years 0.003
Yes 506 (94) 244 (91) 262 (97)
No 30 (6) 23 (9) 7 (3)
Primary vaccination location 0.02
Doctor’s office or clinic 508 (95) 247 (93) 261 (97)
Other location or teen does not get vaccinations 28 (5) 20 (7) 8 (3)
Average travel time to primary vaccination locationb <0.0001
<15 min 329 (62) 141 (53) 188 (71)
15–29 min 143 (27) 71 (27) 72 (27)
≥30 min 60 (11) 54 (20) 6 (2)
Teen always gets a vaccine a doctor or nurse recommends 0.08
Yes 247 (46) 113 (42) 134 (50)
No 289 (54) 154 (58) 135 (50)
Received vaccine reminder since 11th birthday 0.007
Yes 222 (41) 126 (47) 96 (36)
No 314 (59) 141 (53) 173 (64)
Vaccination statuse
Received influenza (since July 1, 2018) 254 (47) 121 (45) 133 (49) 0.3
Received all recommended adolescent vaccines (≥1 HPV, MenACWY, and Tdap) 280 (52) 134 (50) 146 (54) 0.3
Received HPVf 324 (60) 156 (58) 168 (62) 0.3
Received MenACWY 450 (84) 232 (87) 218 (81) 0.07
Received Tdap 484 (90) 245 (92) 239 (89) 0.3

Data are no. (%) of respondents. Percentages may not equal 100% due to rounding.

Abbreviations: MenACWY, quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine; Tdap, tetanus-diphtheria-acellular pertussis vaccine.

a

T-tests and chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests.

b

Does not include missing responses.

c

Age at the time of survey completion. All Minnesota teens were aged 13 to 15 years at the time of sampling but some turned 16 years between sampling and survey completion.

d

Public health insurance status at the time of survey completion.

e

Vaccination status based on IIS records when available, and parent report.

f

Sampling of Minnesota residents included HPV vaccination status.