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. 2022 Jun 9;10:888331. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.888331

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Copyright © 2022 Kanagasabai, Riddell and Ardern.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Multiple regression method of the indirect mediation model (22). Path a is a regression analysis between the exposure (e.g., sleep duration or quality) and the mediator (e.g., CRP, GGT, bilirubin, carotenoids, uric acid, and vitamins A, C, D, and E). Path b is a regression analysis between the mediator and the outcome (e.g., fasting insulin concentration) adjusting for the exposure. Path c is a regression analysis between the exposure and outcome. Path c' is a regression analysis between the exposure and the outcome adjusting for the mediator. The indirect effect (ab) estimate is the amount of contribution a mediator provides to the relationship between an exposure and an outcome. CRP, C-reactive protein; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase. Each mediator was tested one-by-one in the mediation model.