Table 1.
Characteristics of the US adult population ≥20 years of age by sleep duration.
| Characteristics | Sleep duration per night | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Very short (n = 113) | Short (n = 662) | Adequate (n = 1,013) | Long (n = 158) | |||
| Age [Mean (95% CI)] | 45.2 (40.4, 50.0) | 46.1 (44.4, 47.9) | 47.8 (46.0, 49.7) | 48.4 (43.8, 53.0) | <0.05 | |
| Age categories [% (95% CI)] | ||||||
| 20 to <40 years | 32.7 (15.6, 49.8) | 36.4 (31.9, 40.9) | 35.7 (32.3, 39.2) | 38.1 (30, 46.3) | 0.002 | |
| 40 to <65 years | 57.9 (43.3, 72.5) | 49.1 (45.3, 53) | 45.6 (42.4, 48.8) | 34.4 (23.4, 45.5) | ||
| ≥65 years | 9.4 (4.4, 14.4) | 14.4 (10.1, 18.8) | 18.7 (14.5, 22.9) | 27.4 (16.9, 38.0) | ||
| Gender | ||||||
| Men | 56.9 (41.6, 72.2) | 53.6 (50.4, 56.8) | 49.9 (46.7, 53.1) | 37.2 (30.1, 44.2) | 0.011 | |
| Women | 43.1 (27.8, 58.4) | 46.4 (43.2, 49.6) | 50.1 (46.9, 53.3) | 62.8 (55.8, 69.9) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| White | 64.3 (52.1, 76.6) | 65.5 (57.5, 73.5) | 76.1 (70.2, 81.9) | 75.7 (67.0, 84.5) | <0.001 | |
| Black | 22.2 (11.6, 32.8) | 16.8 (11.3, 22.3) | 7.6 (4.4, 10.7) | 8.4 (5.5, 11.3) | ||
| Latin | 6.4 (3.3, 9.5) | 7.6 (5.5, 9.8) | 7.5 (5.0, 10.1) | 7.0 (3.6, 10.4) | ||
| Others | 7.1 (0, 15.5) | 10.0 (6.1, 13.9) | 8.8 (4.7, 12.9) | 8.8 (2.0, 15.7) | ||
| Education | ||||||
| < High school | 23.1 (13.5, 32.6) | 15.3 (11.2, 19.5) | 17 (12.7, 21.3) | 20.6 (12.7, 28.6) | 0.063 | |
| High school | 35.4 (20.2, 50.7) | 28.0 (24.6, 31.5) | 23.6 (19.9, 27.4) | 22.4 (17.8, 27.1) | ||
| College | 41.5 (26.0, 57.0) | 56.6 (50.9, 62.3) | 59.4 (53.0, 65.8) | 56.9 (45.6, 68.3) | ||
| Income | ||||||
| < $20,000 | 26.2 (17.0, 35.4) | 16.7 (12.6, 20.7) | 13.3 (10.0, 16.6) | 19.6 (13.3, 25.8) | 0.001 | |
| $20,000–44,999 | 34.0 (24.4, 43.7) | 31.3 (26.0, 36.7) | 30.4 (25.2, 35.6) | 36.2 (27.7, 44.7) | ||
| ≥$45,000 | 39.8 (30.8, 48.8) | 52.0 (44.0, 60.0) | 56.3 (49.9, 62.7) | 44.2 (36.8, 51.6) | ||
| Smoking | ||||||
| None | 36 (27.1, 44.8) | 47.3 (39.7, 54.8) | 49.2 (43.7, 54.7) | 53 (43.9, 62.1) | <0.001 | |
| Current | 51.3 (41.6, 61.0) | 30.5 (22.5, 38.5) | 21.3 (16.8, 25.8) | 25.5 (18.0, 33.0) | ||
| Past | 12.7 (4.7, 20.8) | 22.2 (17.1, 27.3) | 29.5 (25.9, 33.1) | 21.5 (13.9, 29.1) | ||
| Alcohol intake | ||||||
| None | 6.6 (4.9, 8.3) | 33.9 (29.4, 38.4) | 52.0 (47.7, 56.2) | 7.5 (5.7, 9.3) | 0.663 | |
| <3 drinks per day | 4.6 (2.5, 6.7) | 29.8 (24.6, 34.9) | 57.6 (52.1, 63.0) | 8.1 (5.1, 11.1) | ||
| ≥3 drinks per day | 5.5 (2.4, 8.6) | 33.0 (24.0, 42.0) | 55.1 (48.4, 61.8) | 6.3 (3.6, 9.1) | ||
| Sleep quality | ||||||
| Good | 1.4 (0, 3.2) | 9.6 (6.2, 13.1) | 18.6 (14.5, 22.8) | 21.0 (16, 26.1) | <0.001 | |
| Fair | 11.0 (2.0, 20.0) | 16.3 (13.2, 19.4) | 29.2 (25.7, 32.6) | 31.1 (22.1, 40.0) | ||
| Poor | 14.2 (5.1, 23.4) | 30.6 (25.0, 36.2) | 35.2 (31.7, 38.6) | 33.5 (24.5, 42.5) | ||
| Very poor | 73.4 (63.9, 82.9) | 43.5 (36.0, 50.9) | 17.0 (13.3, 20.7) | 14.4 (7.7, 21.1) | ||
Mean (95% CI) for continuous variables and % (95% CI) for categorical variables. Sleep Duration Categories: Very Short (≤ 4h per night), Short (5-6h per night), Adequate (7-8h per night), and Long (≥9h per night). Responses to six sleep habits questions were summed and categorized into quartiles: Good (<3), Fair (≥3 to 7), Poor (≥7 to 12), and Very Poor (≥12). p <0.05, two-sided; ANOVA or Chi-square, as appropriate. Sum of weights = 91,008,644.