. 2022 Jun 9;9:851229. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.851229

Table 2.

Chemical composition (%) of milk formula for an infant with age ranging from 0 to 12 months and from 6 to 12 years.

Brand
No.	Protein (%)	Fat (%)	CHO (%)	Energy (Kcal/100 g)	Lactose (%)	Total solids (%)	Total non-fat solids (%)	Ca (mg/100 g)	Fe (mg/100 g)	Zn (mg/100 g)
0–12 months
1,012	11.51^d ± 0.35	23.41^c ± 0.89	44.97^e ± 0.41	436.61^d ± 1.34	45.01^e ± 1.24	88.81^e ± 1.12	65.71^e ± 0.84	430.81^e ± 2.14	0.03^c ± 0.01	0.43^b ± 0.12
2,012	11.31^d ± 0.66	24.13^b ± 0.79	49.73^c ± 0.57	461.32^c ± 1.69	49.81^c ± 1.24	93.82^c ± 0.94	70.42^d ± 0.68	436.42^d ± 3.11	0.52^b ± 0.04	0.38^b ± 0.04
3,012	12.73^c ± 0.59	18.41^a ± 0.55	51.95^b ± 0.91	424.43^e ± 2.25	52.02^b ± 1.24	91.21^d ± 0.88	74.01^c ± 0.77	494.61^b ± 2.72	0.03^c ± 0.01	0.43^b ± 0.06
4,012	19.52^a ± 0.45	23.82^c ± 0.47	48.64^d ± 0.58	487.01^b ± 3.44	48.71^d ± 1.24	101.21^b ± 1.14	78.02^b ± 0.59	664.93^a ± 4.04	11.97^a ± 0.94	3.99^a ± 0.64
5,012	13.61^b ± 0.61	26.31^a ± 0.72	63.37^a ± 0.47	544.71^a ± 2.35	63.42^a ± 1.24	109.62^a ± 1.12	86.51^a ± 0.48	371.81^c ± 2.45	0.06^c ± 0.02	0.40^b ± 0.01
6–12 months
1,612	13.71^g ± 0.52	19.11^d ± 0.67	62.37^b ± 0.49	476.31^d ± 1.79	62.41^b ± 0.57	102.41^a ± 1.01	85.62^b ± 0.89	477.11^g ± 1.81	0.57^f ± 0.05	0.45^e ± 0.04
2,612	15.42^e ± 0.67	17.52^e ± 0.46	57.54^d ± 0.69	449.52^a ± 2.46	57.62^c ± 0.69	98.52^e ± 0.91	82.72^e ± 0.92	718.92^e ± 1.34	0.07^f ± 0.08	0.45^e ± 0.12
3,612	14.92^f ± 0.72	18.91^d ± 0.59	55.56^e ± 0.83	452.12^g ± 1.88	55.61^d ± 0.39	97.41^f ± 0.84	80.01^f ± 0.95	747.91^d ± 2.34	6.65^d ± 0.29	3.32^c ± 0.68
4,612	16.61^d ± 0.81	18.41^d ± 0.69	58.47^c ± 0.75	466.01^e ± 2.21	58.52^b ± 0.93	101.32^b ± 1.02	84.81^c ± 0.57	278.43^k ± 1.94	7.42^c ± 0.31	4.33^b ± 0.74
5,612	18.51^c ± 0.58	24.92^a ± 0.44	49.75^g ± 0.59	497.31^a ± 3.04	49.81^f ± 0.69	102.34^a ± 1.12	78.12^g ± 0.63	336.01^j ± 1.57	9.77^a ± 0.83	5.50^a ± 0.49
6,612	20.33^a ± 0.79	17.91^e ± 0.36	53.05^f ± 0.62	454.72^g ± 1.79	53.12^e ± 0.72	100.13^c ± 1.04	83.41^d ± 0.63	809.51^b ± 1.72	8.36^b ± 0.69	4.44^b ± 0.71
7,612	20.91^a ± 0.46	21.93^c ± 0.68	46.03ⁱ ± 0.39	465.12^ef ± 3.03	46.13^h ± 0.57	98.81^e ± 0.99	76.93^h ± 0.39	943.64^a ± 3.04	7.31^c ± 0.73	5.17^a ± 0.67
8,612	13.91^g ± 0.66	17.31^e ± 0.57	63.27^a ± 0.48	464.51^f ± 2.82	63.32^a ± 0.88	101.12^b ± 1.01	86.61^a ± 0.48	464.13^h ± 1.23	8.64^b ± 0.58	2.88^d ± 0.51
9,612	14.62^f ± 0.57	18.01^d ± 0.55	58.26^c ± 0.71	453.61^g ± 1.99	58.31^b ± 0.63	98.62^e ± 0.93	82.41^e ± 0.47	450.71ⁱ ± 1.56	9.66^a ± 0.69	2.90^d ± 0.32
10,612	12.81^h ± 0.24	23.31^b ± 0.77	55.07^e ± 0.66	481.32^b ± 3.15	55.12^d ± 0.47	99.23^d ± 1.02	77.31^h ± 0.42	527.92^f ± 1.24	3.27^e ± 0.39	3.27^c ± 0.44
11,612	19.51^b ± 0.49	23.32^b ± 0.79	47.86^h ± 0.57	479.31^c ± 2.66	47.91^g ± 0.55	100.12^c ± 1.01	77.31^h ± 0.52	717.93^e ± 1.43	0.09^f ± 0.01	0.41^e ± 0.04

Values are means ± SD of three replicates. Mean values in a column with different superscripts (a, b, c) are significantly different at level p ≤ 0.05. CHO, carbohydrates. Brand No.: 1st digit (1, 2, 3, ……., 5) is a serial number; digits 012 denote age 0–12 months. Brand No. 1st digit (1, 2, 3, ……., 10, 11) is a serial number; digits 612 denote age 6–12 months.