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. 2022 Apr 30;9(18):2105208. doi: 10.1002/advs.202105208

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© 2022 The Authors. Advanced Science published by Wiley‐VCH GmbH

This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Loss of endothelial UCP2 leads to persistent increased astrocyte production. A) Confocal immunofluorescence image of S100β ⁺ cells in P0 UCP2^WT and UCP2^ECKO mice. Scale bar, 100 µm. B) Quantification of the number of S100β ⁺ cells showing increased S100β ⁺ cells in UCP2^ECKO mice. **P < 0.01 (mean ± SEM, unpaired two‐tailed Student's t test, n = 5 mice each group). C) Confocal immunofluorescence image of GFAP⁺ cells in P0 UCP2^WT and UCP2^ECKO mice. The down is higher magnification images. Scale bars, 100 µm (up), 50 µm (down). D) Quantification of the number of GFAP⁺ cells showing increased GFAP⁺ cells in UCP2^ECKO mice. ***P < 0.001 (mean ± SEM, unpaired two‐tailed Student's t test, n = 7 each group from 3 independent experiments). E) Western blot analysis of the expression levels of astrocyte marker GFAP and ALDH1L1. β‐actin was detected as loading control. F) Statistics of relative intensity of GFAP and ALDH1L1 showing increased the expression of GFAP⁺ and ALDH1L1⁺ cells in P2 UCP2^ECKO mice. *P < 0.05 (mean ± SEM, unpaired two‐tailed Student's t test, GFAP n = 3 mice each group; ALDH1L1 n = 4 mice each group). G) Confocal immunofluorescence image of GFAP⁺ cells in P8 UCP2^WT and UCP2^ECKO mice. A1, A2, B1, and B2 are higher magnification images. Scale bars, 200 µm (up), 50 µm (down). H) Quantification of the number of GFAP⁺ cells showing increased GFAP⁺ cells in UCP2^ECKO mice. *P < 0.05 (mean ± SEM, unpaired two‐tailed Student's t test, n = 5 each group from 3 independent experiments). I) Confocal immunofluorescence image of S100β ⁺ cells in P8 UCP2^WT and UCP2^ECKO mice. The down is higher magnification images. Scale bars, 200 µm (up), 50 µm (down). J) Quantification of the number of S100β ⁺ cells showing increased S100β ⁺ cells in UCP2^ECKO mice. **P < 0.01 (mean ± SEM, unpaired two‐tailed Student's t test, UCP2^WT n = 5 each group, UCP2^ECKO n = 6 each group from 3 independent experiments). Data are represented as means ± SEM. unpaired two‐tailed Student's t test; At least three biological replicates are shown. *P < 0.05. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.