Table 1.

The effect of different fermentation medium compounds on the production of yellow Monascus pigments in submerged fermentation for 10 days at 30°C and agitated at 150 rpm in the dark.

Composition	Compound	Concentration (g/L)	inMPs (U/ml)	exMPs (U/ml)	T-MPs (U/ml)	exMPs/T-MPs (%)	Increased by (%)
CK	–	–	10.67	22.68	33.35	68.01	–
Growth factor	B1	0.2	17.79	29.82	47.61	62.63	42.76
	B3	0.2	15.06	27.86	42.52	65.52	27.50
	B5	0.2	15.10	36.53	51.63	70.75	54.81
	B6	0.2	12.04	28.22	40.26	70.09	20.72
	VC	0.2	14.57	32.28	46.85	68.90	40.48
	B5	0.1	10.76	24.84	35.60	69.78	6.75
		0.2	15.10	36.53	51.63	70.75	54.81
		0.3	15.28	40.17	55.45	72.45	66.27
		0.4	19.09	44.49	63.58	69.98	90.64
		0.5	15.38	33.24	48.62	68.37	45.79
Nitrogen source	Peptone	5	23.66	36.70	60.36	60.80	80.99
		10	26.80	46.50	73.30	63.44	119.79
		15	36.76	52.80	89.56	58.95	168.55
		20	21.48	46.35	67.83	68.33	103.39
	Malt extract	5	27.64	54.65	82.29	66.41	146.75
		10	35.80	59.35	95.15	62.37	185.31
		15	26.46	48.45	74.91	64.68	124.62
		20	23.84	44.55	68.39	65.14	105.07
	NaNO3	1	14.45	28.20	42.65	51.24	27.89
		3	19.90	45.65	65.55	69.64	96.55
		5	28.40	51.50	79.90	64.46	139.58
		7	18.59	39.46	58.05	67.96	74.06
		9	11.85	32.80	44.65	73.46	33.88
Metal ion	Mg2+	0.05	15.62	29.30	44.92	65.23	34.69
		0.1	15.58	36.73	52.31	70.22	56.85
		0.2	17.65	43.27	60.92	71.03	82.67
		0.5	19.59	36.81	56.40	65.26	69.12
	Mn2+	0.01	13.65	39.12	52.77	74.13	58.23
		0.05	15.17	48.16	63.33	76.05	89.90
		0.1	19.63	54.88	74.51	73.65	123.42
		0.2	17.46	34.08	51.54	66.12	54.54
	Fe2+	0.5	12.35	29.57	41.92	70.55	25.70
		1	13.20	34.15	47.35	72.13	41.98
		1.5	13.08	39.76	52.84	75.25	58.44
		2	16.32	28.04	44.36	63.22	33.01
	Ca2+	0.5	9.73	24.23	33.96	71.35	1.83
		1	13.01	30.91	43.92	70.38	31.69
		1.5	17.16	36.92	54.08	68.26	62.16
		2	11.60	25.30	36.90	68.56	10.64
	Zn2+	0.05	17.99	47.03	65.02	72.33	94.96
		0.1	22.41	52.65	75.06	70.15	125.07
		0.2	26.75	57.83	84.58	68.37	153.61
		0.5	18.78	42.22	61.00	69.22	82.91

The data were expressed as the mean from three experiments.