Table 2.

Some antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) under investigation and clinical phase of development for treatment of Staphylococcal infections.

Peptide name	Description	Target	Administration	Phase	Clinical trial ID	Mechanism	References
Nisin	Polycyclic lantibiotic	Ventilator Associated Pneumonia	Oral		NCT02928042	Depolization of cell membrane
LL-37	Human cathelicidin	Hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers	Topical polyvinyl alcohol viscous-based solution	I/II	EU Clinical Trials 2012-002100-41	Membrane disruption Immunomodulation	Grönberg et al., 2014
OP-145	Derivative of LL-37	Chronic suppurative otitis media	Ear drops	I/II	ISRCTN84220089	Membrane disruption Immunomodulation
PMX-30063	Defensin mimetic	Acute Bacterial Skin Infections Caused by Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA)	Intravenous	II	NCT01211470	Membrane disruption Immunomodulation
LTX-109	Synthetic tripeptide	Persistent nasal S. aureus carriers (MRSA/MSSA) Non-bullous Impetigo	Topical hydrogel	I/II	NCT01158235 NCT01803035	Membrane disruption	Nilsson et al., 2015
XF-73 (Exeporfinium Chloride)	Derivative of porphyrin	Commensal S. aureus nasal carriage	Topical nasal gel	II	NCT03915470	Membrane disruption
PLG0206	Engineered cationic antimicrobial peptide	Periprosthetic Joint Infection	Intravenous	I	NCT05137314	Membrane disruption	Huang et al., 2021
Friulimicin B	Cyclic lipopeptide	Community Acquired Pneumonia Staphylococcal Skin Infections	Intravenous	I	NCT00492271	Membrane disruption
Omiganan	Derivative of Indolicidin	Catheter Infections/Colonization in Patients With Central Venous Catheters Topical Skin Antisepsis	Topical gel	III	NCT00231153 NCT00608959	Membrane disruption Immunomodulation
DPK-060	Derivative of Kininogen	Acute External Otitis	Ear drops	II	NCT01447017	Membrane disruption Immunomodulation
GSK1322322	Synthetic hydrazide	Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infection	Oral	II	NCT01209078	Peptide deformylase inhibitor	Corey et al., 2014