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. 2022 Jun 23;12:10626. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14952-x

Table 1.

Basic characteristics and work conditions of postgraduate residents classified by duty hours.

Total C1: < 50 h C2: ≥ 50 and < 60 h C3: ≥ 60 and < 70 h C4: ≥ 70 and < 80 h C5: ≥ 80 and < 90 h C6: ≥ 90 and < 100 h C7: ≥ 100 h
N = 6045 N = 861 N = 1687 N = 1580 N = 709 N = 741 N = 258 N = 209
Gender (%)
Men 68.1 64.0 68.5 67.7 70.7 68.3 57.1 76.1
Women 31.9 36.0 31.5 32.3 29.3 31.7 42.9 23.9
Postgraduate year (%)
PGY-1 50.8 51.3 51.4 50.4 50.2 51.0 51.9 48.3
PGY-2 49.2 48.7 48.6 49.7 49.8 49.0 48.1 51.7
Hospital type (%)
University 11.3 17.0 11.7 10.5 10.7 8.6 7.0 6.2
University-affiliated 5.0 5.6 4.7 5.2 4.1 5.5 5.8 2.9
Community 83.8 77.5 83.6 84.3 85.2 85.8 87.2 90.9
Hospital area (%)
Urban 32.4 32.5 30.4 32.5 36.5 33.6 32.2 30.1
Non-urban 67.6 67.5 69.6 67.5 63.5 66.4 67.8 69.9
Career (%)
Internal medicine 35.8 33.4 36.4 36.1 36.0 35.6 32.9 42.1
Surgery 20.8 20.2 18.3 21.3 21.3 25.5 19.8 21.1
General medicine 2.4 2.3 2.9 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.7 2.9
Emergency medicine 3.4 3.3 2.3 3.5 3.7 4.7 5.0 5.7
Others 37.5 40.8 40.1 36.8 36.7 32.3 39.1 28.2
Scholarship activity (%)
Case report 21.2 21.7 18.6 21.1 22.1 23.8 22.9 27.3
Presentation at conferences 37.1 33.2 36.0 37.7 37.7 40.4 41.1 37.8
ED duties per month (%)
0–1 3.7 9.5 4.6 2.7 1.8 0.9 0.8 0.5
1–2 15.3 25.9 17.7 12.2 12.6 12.4 7.8 5.3
3–5 70.2 59.5 71.9 75.6 70.7 69.5 68.6 63.6
6 or more 10.2 4.2 5.5 9.1 14.4 16.7 22.5 29.2
Unknown 0.5 0.8 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.4 0.0 1.4
Assigned inpatients (%)
0–4 23.5 33.8 28.0 22.8 18.2 14.3 15.1 10.0
5–9 59.9 55.5 61.5 59.6 63.0 63.0 55.4 49.3
0–14 11.3 7.8 7.1 12.4 14.0 13.9 20.5 21.5
15 or more 2.9 0.7 0.9 2.3 3.1 5.5 6.6 16.7
Unknown 2.5 2.2 2.5 2.8 1.6 3.2 2.3 2.4
Self-study time per day (%)
None 3.5 3.8 3.3 3.8 2.5 4.0 2.7 3.8
0–30 min 34.1 41.9 36.8 32.8 31.9 26.3 30.6 28.2
31–60 min 41.5 39.8 41.4 42.2 42.0 42.4 40.7 39.2
61–90 min 16.7 12.1 14.8 17.2 17.9 22.8 19.4 17.7
91 min or more 4.3 2.3 3.7 3.9 5.6 4.3 6.6 11.0

The average weekly duty hours are based on the sum of weekday work duties, night ED duties, and weekend work duties. Abbreviations: C1–C7, Category 1 to Category 7; h, hours; PGY, postgraduate year; ED, emergency department.