TABLE 2.

Biochar-assisted phytoremediation for metal- and metalloid-polluted soils.

Name of plant	Phytoremediation on metal- and metalloid-contaminated soil	Biochar and dose	Effects on phytoremediation	References
Anthyllis vulneraria, Noccaea rotundifolium and Poa alpina	Ni, Cd, Ti, Zn, Cr, Pb, Cu, and Fe	Pruning residues and manure: 1.5–3%	Reduced water-extractable Zn, Cu, Cd, and Cr. Increased pH	Fellet et al., 2014
Lolium perenne L. var. Cadix	Pb and Cu	Oka, Ash, and Birch: 20% v/v	Reduced pore water-mediated Pb and Cu doses in shoots	Sun et al., 2018
Solanum lycopersicum	As, Cd, Zn, and Cu	Hardwood	Raised pore water with Cu and As. Immobilize Zn and Cd owing to elevated DOC and pH	Beesley and Marmiroli, 2011
Oryza sativa	As, Zn, Cd, Ni, Cr, Co, Pb, and Cu	Sewage sludge: 5 and 10%	Reduced pore water Pb, As, Ni, Cr, and Co owing to elevated soil pH. Mobilize Cd, Cu, and Zn	Khan et al., 2013
Brassica juncea	Cd, Pb, and Cu	Poultry manure and green waste	Increased (353%) plant shoot dry biomass. Decreased Pb, Cd, and Cu accumulation in plants	Park et al., 2011
Brassica napus	Cd, Zn, and Pb	Miscanthus: 5 and 10%	Reduced metals bioavailability in shoot biomass	Bandara et al., 2017
Miscanthus× giganteus	As	Hardwoods: 20%	Improved pore water with As	Sun et al., 2018
Lycopersicon esculentum	Cr, Mn, and Ni	Wood: 2.5–5%	Reduce exchangeable Cr, Ni, and Mn. Enhanced plant growth	Bandara et al., 2017