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. 2022 Jun 9;13:897376. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.897376

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Copyright © 2022 Liu, Ma, Wang, Chen, Ma and He.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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The SCW of the 8th internode of 3-month-old wild type and transgenic poplar. (a) Lignin autofluorescence of wild type. (b) Lignin autofluorescence of miR395c-OE poplar. Phloroglucinol-HCL staining of (c) wild-type and (d) miR395c-OE poplar. Bar, 50 μm. (e) Electron microscopy on the xylem in wild type. (f) Electron microscopy on the xylem in miR395c-OE poplar. The arrow refers to the wall thickness of the xylem fiber. Bar, 10 μm. xf, xylem fiber; ve, vessel. (g) The thickness of fiber cell wall decreased in miR395c-OE poplar. (h) The content of lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose decreased in miR395c-OE poplar. Insets in (a–d) are high-magnification images of the middle xylem area. Asterisks indicate significant difference between transgenic and WT plants using the Student’s t-test, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001.