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. 2022 Apr 22;9(18):2105414. doi: 10.1002/advs.202105414

Figure 1.

Figure 1

HectoSTAR μLED optoelectrode enables high‐precision and large scale deep‐brain opto‐electrophysiology. a) A conceptual drawing of a large‐scale in vivo opto‐electrophysiology experiment conducted using a hectoSTAR μLED optoelectrode. HectoSTAR μLED optoelectrode can deliver arbitrary optical stimulation patterns to multiple deep‐brain locations within a large area, spanning from the whole cortical layers to CA1 region of dorsal hippocampus, while simultaneously recording single units and local‐field potentials from the region. Brain schematic (left) is in scale with the length of hectoSTAR optoelectrode. Grey objects indicate non‐active neurons and colored objects active neurons. White rectangles show the locations of the recording sites, and the blue glowing spots represent an example stimulation pattern generated from multiple μLEDs. b) A 3D model of a hectoSTAR μLED optoelectrode generating a complex optical stimulation pattern. The hectoSTAR μLED optoelectrode has four, 6‐mm long and 30‐µm thick shanks, and the pitch between two neighboring shanks is 300 µm. Each shank can record and stimulate across 1.3 mm along the dorsoventral axis. c) Detailed schematic diagram of a tip of a shank. The inset shows the dimensions of and the distances between iridium electrodes (recording sites, 64 per shank) and blue‐light‐emitting GaN/InGaN μLEDs (stimulation sites, 32 per shank). Recording sites are arranged in a “staggered” configuration with less than 40‐µm center‐to‐center pitch. μLEDs are located along the center of the optoelectrode shank with 40 µm center‐to‐center pitch. d,e) Microphotographs of a fabricated hectoSTAR μLED optoelectrode. A packaged hectoSTAR optoelectrode is photographed next to a U. S. quarter in (d). Scale bar is 300 µm long in (e). Note blue light being generated from active μLEDs. f) Example of local field potential recordings from a hectoSTAR optoelectrode, in which induced response resulting from an optical stimulus provided from a single μLED (blue) is shown. Grey traces are non‐functional channels.