TABLE 1.

Means, standard deviations, and correlations.

Variables	Mean	SD	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
1. Gendera	0.51	0.50	—
2. Age	38.81	11.20	–0.07	—
3. Position levelb	0.21	0.41	–0.20**	0.23**	—
4. Education level c	1.86	0.55	0.13	–0.20**	0.15*	—
5. Leader negative emotional expression	3.15	1.00	–0.08	0.07	0.06	−0.05	(0.59)
6. Psychological safety	3.73	0.90	0.06	–0.24**	–0.02	–0.02	−0.40**	(0.75)
7. LMX	3.77	0.73	0.06	–0.06	0.06	−0.03	–0.01	0.41**	(0.67)
8. Employee silence	2.59	0.77	–0.11	–0.06	–0.16*	–0.28**	0.08	−0.13	−0.17*	(0.61)

*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01 (two-tailed). ^a 0 = male, 1 = female. ^b 0 = staff, 1 = manager. ^c 1 = junior high school and below, 2 = senior or professional high school/bachelor’s degree, 3 = graduate degree. Square roots of AVEs are in brackets.