Table 1.
Baseline characteristics for patients with ankle fractures.
| ANKLE | Augusta (n = 54) | Aberdeen (n = 83) | Adelaide (n = 56) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median years (R) | 56 (22–82) | 52 (19–92) | 50 (16–92) | <0.001 |
| Gender, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 18 (33) | 35 (42) | 25 (45) | 0.439 |
| Female | 36 (67) | 48 (58) | 31 (55) | |
| Depression or anxiety, n (%) | 27 (50) | 25 (30) | 11 (20) | 0.003 |
| Pre-injury opioid use, n (%) | ||||
| Strong | 6 (11) | 0 | 7 (13) | 0.004 |
| Weak | 1 (2) | 8 (10) | 1 (2) | |
| Fracture type, n (%) | ||||
| A | 5 (9) | 6 (7) | 3 (5) | 0.389 |
| B | 34 (63) | 56 (68) | 33 (59) | |
| C | 15 (28) | 21 (25) | 20 (36) | |
| Anesthesia used, n (%) | ||||
| general only | 21 (39) | 36 (44) | 40 (71) | <0.001 |
| regional only | 1 (2) | 0 | 0 | |
| general plus regional | 29 (53) | 5 (6) | 14 (25) | |
| spinal plus regional | 1 (2) | 1 (1) | 1 (2) | |
| spinal only | 2 (4) | 40 (48) | 1 (2) | |
| missing values | 0 | 1 (1) | 0 | |
| Surgical approaches, n (%) | ||||
| Single | 20 (37) | 37 (45) | 29 (53) | 0.257 |
| Dual | 34 (63) | 46 (55) | 26 (47) | |
| Length of stay, days (%) | ||||
| same day | 40 (74) | 11 (13) | 5 (9) | <0.001 |
| 1 day | 8 (15) | 32 (39) | 30 (54) | |
| 2 or more days | 6 (11) | 40 (48) | 21 (37) | |