Table 1. Probability and Utility Parameters.
| Parameter | Base case | Distribution | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| Patient characteristics | |||
| Age, mean (range), y | |||
| Main analysis | 77 (60-92) | Normal | Stefan et al,11 2021 |
| Sensitivity analysis | 65 (50-85) | NA | Assumption |
| Women (main analysis), % (95% CI) | 58.6 (58.4-58.8) | β (α, 115 690; β, 81 686) | Stefan et al,11 2021 |
| COPD stage, % | |||
| GOLD stage 2 (moderate) | 30 | Dirichlet (α1, 75) | Huijsmans et al,23 2008 |
| GOLD stage 3 (severe) | 48 | Dirichlet (α2, 121) | Huijsmans et al,23 2008 |
| GOLD stage 4 (very severe) | 22 | Dirichlet (α3, 57) | Huijsmans et al,23 2008 |
| COPD PR | |||
| No. of sessions | |||
| Fixed (range) | 16 (8-36) | NA | Spruit et al,7 2013 |
| Observed, median (IQR) | 9 (4-14) | Poisson | Lindenauer et al,10 2020 |
| Hospital readmission, mean (95% CI), da | |||
| Early PR | 7.9 (0-63) | γ | Stefan et al,11 2021 |
| Late or no PR | 11.7 (2.3-45.3) | γ | Stefan et al,11 2021 |
| No. of ED visits, mean (95% CI)a | |||
| Early PR | 1.0 (0.2-3.8) | γ | Stefan et al,11 2021 |
| Late or no PR | 1.1 (0.2-4.3) | γ | Stefan et al,11 2021 |
| SNF, mean (95% CI), da | |||
| Early PR | 1.8 (0-20) | γ | Stefan et al,11 2021 |
| Late or no PR | 2.97 (0.5-11.8) | γ | Stefan et al,11 2021 |
| Mortality at 1 y | |||
| Late or no PR, % (95% CI) | 14.1 (12.8-15.4) | β (α, 382; β, 2328) | Lindenauer et al,10 2020 |
| Early PR, HR (95% CI) | 0.50 (0.42-0.59) | Log normal | Lindenauer et al,10 2020 |
| Mortality rates after first year | |||
| GOLD stage 2, 3 or 4, % | |||
| Men, not varied | 2.17-3.97 | NA | Shavelle et al,20 2009 |
| Women | 1.68-3.07 | NA | Shavelle et al,20 2009 |
| Rehospitalization within first year | |||
| Late or no PR, % (95% CI) | 63.8 (62.1-65.7) | β (α, 1732; β, 972) | Stefan et al,11 2021 |
| Early PR, HR (95% CI) | 0.83 (0.77-0.90) | Log normal | Stefan et al,11 2021 |
| Utilities | |||
| EQ-5D utility score by COPD disease stage, mean (parametric 95% CI) | |||
| GOLD stage 2 (moderate) | 0.832 (0.821-0.843) | β | Rutten-van Mölken et al,22 2006 |
| GOLD stage 3 (severe) | 0.803 (0.790-0.816) | β | Rutten-van Mölken et al,22 2006 |
| GOLD stage 4 (very severe) | 0.731 (0.699-0.762) | β | Rutten-van Mölken et al,22 2006 |
| Utility response to PR, mean (95% CI) | 0.065 (0.047-0.083) | Normal | Nolan et at,24 2016 |
Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ED, emergency department; EQ-5D, EuroQoL-5D; GOLD, Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable; PR, pulmonary rehabilitation; SNF, skilled nursing facility.
a
Per person-year.