Table 2. Costs for COPD PR and COPD-Related Hospital Readmission in 2020 US Dollars.
| Cost components of COPD PR | Base case | Distribution | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2-h sessiona | NA | NA | AACVPR Fact Sheet27 |
| Patient copayment, mean, $ | 22.28 | NA | AACVPR Fact Sheet27 |
| Travel | |||
| Distance, mean (95% CI), miles | 9.9 (0.5-46) | Log-normal | Lindenauer et al,10 2020 |
| Fuel, mean, $ per gallon | 2.32 | NA | US Bureau of Labor Statistics26 |
| COPD-related visits | |||
| Hospitalization per day, $ | |||
| Age 45-64 y | 2385 | NA | HCUPnet28 |
| Age 65-84 y | 2326 | NA | HCUPnet28 |
| Age ≥85 y | 2338 | NA | HCUPnet28 |
| ED per nonadmission visit, mean (95% CI), $ | 922 (228-2725) | γ | Dalal et al,29 2011 |
| SNF per day, median (range), $ | 255 (173-500) | Uniform | Genworth30 |
| Annual per-person COPD-attributable costs after first year by COPD stage, $ (95% CI) | |||
| GOLD stage 2 (moderate) | 3858 (694-15 914) | γ | Zafari et al,4 2021 |
| GOLD stage 3 (severe) | 5908 (1063-24 371) | γ | Zafari et al,4 2021 |
| GOLD stage 4 (very severe) | 6721 (1209-27 724) | γ | Zafari et al,4 2021 |
Abbreviations: AACVPR, American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ED, emergency department; GOLD, Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease; HCUPnet, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project; NA, not applicable; PR, pulmonary rehabilitation; SNF, skilled nursing facility.
a
Determined by Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services code G0424 for PR, including exercise (includes monitoring) 1 hour per session to 2 sessions per day.