Table 3. Estimated Cost and Outcome Intervals.
| Outcome | Estimate (95% prediction interval) | Difference, PR vs no PR | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No PR strategy | PR strategy | ||
| Net lifetime costs (discounted), $ | 63 875 (59 187-70 037) | 58 154 (53 295-63 335) | −5721 (−3307 to −8388) |
| Net QALYs | 6.89 (6.76-7.03) | 7.42 (7.28-7.56) | 0.53 (0.43-0.63) |
| Unadjusted life expectancy, y | 8.85 (8.67-9.03) | 9.05 (8.86-9.23) | 0.20 (0.19-0.20) |
| Year 1 | |||
| Readmission rate, % | 63.9 (62.1-65.7) | 53.3 (46.5-57.7) | −10.6 (−12.0 to −9.2) |
| Mortality, % | 13.1 (11.9-14.5) | 6.3 (5.3-8.0) | −6.8 (−7.6 to −6.0) |
| QALYs | 0.69 (0-0.84) | 0.81 (0-0.90) | 0.12 |
| Year 1 costs, $ | |||
| PR | NA | 1749 (1719-1781) | 1749 |
| Hospitalization | 27 221 (25 822-28 668) | 18 360 (17 476-19 247) | −8861 (−8346 to −9421) |
| ED | 1016 (964-1072) | 919 (872-968) | −97 (−92 to −104) |
| SNF | 2664 (814-7935) | 1647 (498-4851) | −1017 (−316 to −3084) |
| Net incremental costs, $ | NA | NA | −8226 (−5348 to −10 873) |
| Post–year 1 lifetime costs, $ | |||
| Discounted | 32 974 (29 194-37 028) | 35 479 (31 497-39 963) | 2505 (2303-2935) |
| Undiscounted | 33 964 (30 070-38 139) | 36 544 (32 442-40 956) | 2580 (2372-2817) |
| After year 1 | |||
| QALYs (discounted) | 5.4 (0-19.7) | 5.8 (0-20.2) | 0.4 |
| Undiscounted life expectancy | 6.9 (0-25) | 7.5 (0-25) | 0.6 |
Abbreviations: ED, emergency department; PR, pulmonary rehabilitation; QALYs, quality-adjusted life-years; SNF, skilled nursing facility.