Table. Association Between BA and Mortality.
| BA, y | Adults, No. (N = 4004) | Deaths, No./PY | Mortality rate, No./1000 PY (95% CI) | Log-rank P | Unadjusted model, HR (95% CI) | P for trend | Adjusted model 1, aHR (95% CI)a | P for trend | Adjusted model 2, aHR (95% CI)b | P for trend |
| All-cause mortality | ||||||||||
| With cancer history | ||||||||||
| <−5.07 | 501 | 119/4844.1 | 24.6 (20.5-29.4) | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| −5.07 to <−1.26 | 499 | 120/4584.9 | 26.2 (21.9-31.3) | 1.08 (0.84-1.40) | 1.11 (0.86-1.43) | 1.16 (0.87-1.56) | ||||
| −1.26 to <3.94 | 503 | 170/4208.8 | 40.4 (34.8-46.9) | 1.73 (1.37-2.19) | 1.58 (1.24-2.00) | 1.67 (1.23-2.26) | ||||
| ≥3.94 | 499 | 245/3450.6 | 71.0 (62.6-80.5) | 3.20 (2.56-3.99) | 2.65 (2.09-3.35) | 3.04 (2.31-4.00) | ||||
| Overall | 2002 | 654/17 088.3 | 38.3 (35.4-41.3) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Without cancer history | ||||||||||
| <−5.07 | 575 | 132/5611.9 | 23.5 (19.9-27.9) | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 |
| −5.07 to <−1.26 | 516 | 118/4888.8 | 24.1 (20.2-28.9) | 1.04 (0.81-1.33) | 1.10 (0.86-1.42) | 1.44 (1.06-1.94) | ||||
| −1.26 to <3.94 | 480 | 125/4343.8 | 28.8 (24.1-34.3) | 1.26 (0.99-1.61) | 1.24 (0.96-1.60) | 1.51 (1.10-2.06) | ||||
| ≥3.94 | 431 | 175/3405.3 | 51.4 (44.3-59.6) | 2.37 (1.89-2.98) | 2.37 (1.86-3.03) | 2.68 (1.89-3.80) | ||||
| Overall | 2002 | 550/18 249.8 | 30.1 (27.7-32.8) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| CVD-specific mortality | ||||||||||
| With cancer history | ||||||||||
| <−5.07 | 501 | 26/4844.1 | 5.4 (3.7-7.9) | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | <.001 | 1 [Reference] | .001 | 1 [Reference] | .02 |
| −5.07 to <−1.26 | 499 | 22/4584.9 | 4.8 (3.2-7.3) | 0.90 (0.51-1.60) | 0.96 (0.54-1.70) | 1.06 (0.54-2.07) | ||||
| −1.26 to <3.94 | 503 | 30/4208.8 | 7.1 (5.0-10.2) | 1.39 (0.82-2.35) | 1.27 (0.74-2.17) | 1.36 (0.71-2.61) | ||||
| ≥3.94 | 499 | 48/3450.6 | 13.9 (10.5-18.5) | 2.85 (1.76-4.62) | 2.30 (1.37-3.85) | 2.42 (1.21-4.82) | ||||
| Overall | 2002 | 126/17 088.3 | 7.4 (6.2-8.8) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| Without cancer history | ||||||||||
| <−5.07 | 575 | 31/5611.9 | 5.5 (3.9-7.9) | .01 | 1 [Reference] | .002 | 1 [Reference] | .007 | 1 [Reference] | .01 |
| −5.07 to <−1.26 | 516 | 36/4888.8 | 7.4 (5.3-10.2) | 1.34 (0.83-2.16) | 1.40 (0.86-2.28) | 2.53 (1.43-4.49) | ||||
| −1.26 to <3.94 | 480 | 33/4343.8 | 7.6 (5.4-10.7) | 1.39 (0.85-2.28) | 1.35 (0.81-2.23) | 1.87 (1.02-3.41) | ||||
| ≥3.94 | 431 | 39/3405.3 | 11.5 (8.4-15.7) | 2.17 (1.35-3.48) | 2.11 (1.27-3.49) | 2.92 (1.48-5.76) | ||||
| Overall | 2002 | 139/18 249.8 | 7.6 (6.4-9.0) | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Abbreviations: aHR, adjusted hazard ratio; BA, biological aging; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; NA, not applicable; PY, person-year.
The model was adjusted for sex, race and ethnicity, education, marital status, smoking status, body mass index, energy intake, burden of comorbidities (chronic kidney disease, osteoporosis, diabetes, arthritis, heart attack, coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and congestive heart failure), and year of survey. For cancer survivors, the model was additionally adjusted for history of more than 1 cancer and time since cancer diagnosis.
The model was adjusted for the same set of covariates and corrected for the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey sampling weight.