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Length: the time users spend on the mHealtha devices (reported by 15 studies)
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Device use time and frequency |
Recorded the frequency of daily access to app (ie, app visit or log-in; 8 studies) [28,32,49,55,56,65,66,68] Self-reported how frequently the app was used (2 studies) [36,51] Recorded the duration of time spent on the device (2 studies) [32,60]
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Duration of use until attrition |
Number of days devices were used (3 studies) [20,37,49] Time to attrition (1 study) [48] Trial retention (1 study) [68] Duration of program use (1 study) [64]
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Breadth: the proportion of mHealth functions and features used out of the total available (reported by 35 studies)
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Device functions used |
Having physical activity data (step count and exercise) automatically recorded on the devices (10 studies) [20,35,37,40,43,59,62,64,65,70] Manually entering or uploading self-monitored health behavior data to the device (17 studies): physical activity [24,26,29,30,32,38,41,42,44,47,48,53,57,69,71], and meals, weight, and other behavioral targets [24,26,28,29,32,38,47,53,62,69] Recorded actual use and each feature (6 studies) [22,37,39,42,46,49] Recorded game played and the total duration of game played (1 study) [43]
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Completion of modules |
The number of sessions attended, completed, or canceled by participants (6 studies) [23,27,48,52,54,69] Self-reported adherence to treatment or the physical activity program assessed by means of standardized questionnaires (2 studies) [31,34] Received counseling sessions (1 study) [41]
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Depth: how well the program has been used (reported by 13 studies)
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Meeting tasks or challenges |
Self-reported adherence to the physical activity plan or target (3 studies) [31,50,58] Points won when participants achieve their daily goals (2 studies) [51,59] The duration of exercise performed vs prescribed (1 study) [54] Attendance of the planned assessment (1 study) [67]
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Behavior change (eg, physical activity level and diet habits) |
Devices monitored physical activity levels such as average daily step count or physical activity time (4 studies) [18,19,48,50] Self-reported walking and sitting time (1 study) [33] and exercise time (1 study) [54] Self-reported the number of behavior targets met (2 studies) [28,45]
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Interaction: how users interact with the intervention programs (reported by 19 studies)
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Active interaction |
Writing, or responding to, a post (6 studies) [38,55,59-61,65] Setting behavior change goals or challenges (6 studies) [22,28,45,60,63,64] Receiving and responding to SMS text messages (4 studies) [21,22,38,62] Sending digital gifts to teammates (2 studies) [59,65] The number of notifications or prompts opened and responded to (1 study) [57] Points earned when interacting with the program components (1 study) [63] Join a Facebook group (1 study) [60]
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Passive interaction |
Reading articles, texts, or watching video clips through app (6 studies) [25,28,38,41,48,60] Completing telephone calls and the duration of calls (2 studies) [46,62] The number of opened notifications (1 study) [32]
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