Table 1.

Digital health for patient education in people with KOA^a and KR^b.

Study	Population	Design	Intervention			Comparator			Primary outcome findings
			Description	Sample size	Description		Sample size
Brosseau et al [28]	Self-reported osteoarthritis or RAc	Pre or post	Social media (Facebook)	41	N/Ad		N/A	Improvements in disease-related knowledge from baseline
Umapathy et al [24]	Knee or hip osteoarthritis	Pre or post	Access to website-based education and use of the website	104	Access to website-based education but no use of the website		91	Significant improvements in the Osteoarthritis Quality Indicator measures for users of the website vs no significant improvement for nonusers
Timmers et al [23]	Knee pain	RCTe	Phone app providing daily patient education	91	Information offered during medical consultation		122	Disease-related knowledge was 52% higher in the intervention group
Wang et al [25]	Knee or hip osteoarthritis	Quasi-experimental study	Users of the updated version of My Joint Pain for education	35	Nonusers		87	No significant difference in the Health Evaluation Impact Questionnaire scores between users and nonusers of the website
Fraval et al [26]	Presurgery (KR or HRf)	RCT	Website+discussion with surgeon	103	Discussion with surgeon		108	Improvements in disease-related knowledge but not anxiety scores in the intervention vs comparator
Campbell et al [27]	Postsurgery (KR or HR)	RCT	SMS text messaging bot+traditional education	76	Traditional education		83	Improvements in exercise adherence in the intervention vs comparator
Timmers et al [35]	Postsurgery (KR)	RCT	Phone app providing specific education at specific times from date of discharge	114	Phone app providing standard education biweekly		99	The intervention group had improvements in pain on NRSg at rest, at night, and during activity vs the comparator at 4 weeks after discharge
Meldrum et al [29]	Knee pain	Qualitative content analysis	Comments on videos related to knee pain on YouTube	3537 (comments) and 58 (videos)	N/A		N/A	Comments included soliciting advice for knee pain (19%), appreciation for others’ inputs (17%), and asking questions regarding videos (15%)
Barrow et al [30]	Osteoarthritis	Cross-sectional survey	Websites providing educational content for patients with osteoarthritis	50	N/A		N/A	68% of the websites scored more than half of the maximum available quality score
Murray et al [32]	Osteoarthritis	Readability and quality assessment	Websites on osteoarthritis	37	N/A		N/A	Readability ranged from 8th- to 12th-grade reading level, and the quality of web-based osteoarthritis information was rated as “poor” to “fair”
Chapman et al [31]	Osteoarthritis	Nonexperimental, descriptive, internet-based study	Websites on self-management in knee, hip, hand osteoarthritis	49	N/A		N/A	Reading grade levels ranged from 6 to 15
Wong et al [34]	Osteoarthritis	Quality assessment	Videos on KOA and KR on YouTube	56	N/A		N/A	Approximately 65% of videos had poor educational quality, 30% had acceptable educational quality, and <10% had good educational quality
Bahadori et al [33]	KR	Readability assessment	Information on KR apps	15	N/A		N/A	Only one app was found to be “easy to read”

^aKOA: knee osteoarthritis.

^bKR: knee replacement.

^cRA: rheumatoid arthritis.

^dN/A: not applicable.

^eRCT: randomized controlled trial.

^fHR: hip replacement.

^gNRS: Numeric Pain Rating Scale.